[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update January 2015
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Tue Feb 17 15:18:00 GMT 2015
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update January 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - December 2014:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2014-December/000079.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*Notice*
Can you help Sheffield to breathe easy? Making Air Better With Open Data
If you missed the first workshop on 23 Jan, you can still register for
the other workshops that will help the people and businesses of
Sheffield understand how we can use open data for civic and economic
improvement. They will take place at the Showroom Cinema on 13
Feb and 13 Mar. For more information about the Air Quality+ project -
including contributing your own data - please email Jag Goraya at The
Better With Data Society (jag at betterwithdata.co) or visit
http://betterwithdata.co/airqualityplus.
*CONTENTS*
1) Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health
2) Exposure to road traffic noise and children's behavioural problems
and sleep disturbance: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies
3) Noise and health in vulnerable groups: A review
4) The cost of hypertension-related ill-health attributable to
environmental noise
5) Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure
6) Effects of solid barriers on dispersion of roadway emissions
7) Impact of traffic-related pollution on respiratory function in
children living in London's low emission zone: A sequential cross
sectional study
8) The risks of acute exposure to black carbon in Southern Europe:
results from the MED-PARTICLES project
9) Commuting-Adjusted Short-Term Health Impact Assessment of Airborne
Fine Particles with Uncertainty Quantification via Monte Carlo
Simulation
10) “Exported” Deaths and Short-Term PM10 Exposure: Factoring the
Impact of Commuting into Mortality Estimates
11) Modification of the Association between PM10 and Lung Function
Decline by Cadherin 13 Polymorphisms in the SAPALDIA Cohort: A
Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis
12) Associations between three specific a-cellular measures of the
oxidative potential of particulate matter and markers of acute airway
and nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers
13) Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the incidence of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national English cohort
14) Making air quality indices comparable – assessment of 10 years of
air pollutant levels in western Europe
15) Effect of Exposure to Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles on
Production of Free Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolites in the Mouse
Small Intestine
- o -
1) Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health
Mathias Basner, Wolfgang Babisch, Adrian Davis, Mark Brink, Charlotte
Clark, Sabine Janssen, Stephen Stansfeld
Noise is pervasive in everyday life and can cause both auditory and
non-auditory health effects. Noise-induced hearing loss remains highly
prevalent in occupational settings, and is increasingly caused by
social noise exposure (eg, through personal music players). Evidence
of the non-auditory effects of environmental noise exposure on public
health is growing. Observational and experimental studies have shown
that noise exposure leads to annoyance, disturbs sleep and causes
daytime sleepiness, affects patient outcomes and staff performance in
hospitals, increases the occurrence of hypertension and cardiovascular
disease, and impairs cognitive performance in schoolchildren. In this
Review, we stress the importance of adequate noise prevention and
mitigation strategies for public health.
The Lancet 383,9925, 1325–1332 - read abstract
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61613-X/abstract) (free access to article if you register, free, with The
Lancet)
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2) Exposure to road traffic noise and children's behavioural problems
and sleep disturbance: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies
Carla M.T. Tiesler, Matthias Birk, Elisabeth Thiering, Gabriele
Kohlböck, Sibylle Koletzko, Carl-Peter Bauer,
Dietrich Berdel, Andrea von Berg, Wolfgang Babisch, Joachim Heinrich,
for the GINIplus and LISAplus Study Groups
Road traffic noise exposure at home may be related to increased
hyperactivity and more emotional symptoms in children. Future
longitudinal studies are required to explore noise exposure and
behavioural problems in more detail, especially the role of sleep
disturbances.
Environmental Research 123, May 2013, 1–8 - read article
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935113000364)
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3) Noise and health in vulnerable groups: A review
Irene van Kamp, Hugh Davies
Vulnerable or susceptible groups are mentioned in most reviews and
documents regarding noise and health. But only a few studies address
this issue in a concrete and focused way. Groups at risk most often
mentioned in the literature are children, the elderly, the chronically
ill and people with a hearing impairment. The other categories
encountered are those of sensitive persons, shiftworkers, people with
mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia or autism), people suffering from
tinnitus, and fetuses and neonates. The mechanism for this
vulnerability has not been clearly described and relevant research has
seldom focused on the health effects of noise in these groups in an
integrated manner. This paper summarizes the outcomes and major
conclusions of a systematic, qualitative review of studies over the
past 5 years. This review was prepared for the 10 th Conference on
Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN, 2011). Evidence is reviewed
describing effects, groups assumed to be at risk, and mechanisms
pertaining to noise sensitivity and learned helplessness.
Noise Health 2013;15:153-9 - read article
(http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2013;volume=15;issue=64;spage=153;epage=159;aulast=van)
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4) The cost of hypertension-related ill-health attributable to
environmental noise
Anne-Helen Harding, Gillian A Frost, Emma Tan, Aki Tsuchiya, Howard M Mason
Hypertension (HT) is associated with environmental noise exposure and
is a risk factor for a range of health outcomes. The study aims were
to identify key HT related health outcomes and to quantify and
monetize the impact on health outcomes attributable to environmental
noise-related HT. A reiterative literature review identified key HT
related health outcomes and their quantitative links with HT. The
health impact of increases in environmental noise above recommended
daytime noise levels (55 dB[A]) were quantified in terms of quality
adjusted life years and then monetized. A case study evaluated the
cost of environmental noise, using published data on health risks and
the number of people exposed to various bands of environmental noise
levels in the United Kingdom (UK). Three health outcomes were selected
based on the strength of evidence linking them with HT and their
current impact on society: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke
and dementia. In the UK population, an additional 542 cases of
HT-related AMI, 788 cases of stroke and 1169 cases of dementia were
expected per year due to daytime noise levels ≥55 dB(A). The cost of
these additional cases was valued at around £1.09 billion, with
dementia accounting for 44%. The methodology is dependent on the
availability and quality of published data and the resulting
valuations reflect these limitations. The estimated intangible cost
provides an insight into the scale of the health impacts and
conversely the benefits that the implementation of policies to manage
environmental noise may confer.
Noise Health 2013;15:437-45 - read article
(http://www.noiseandhealth.org/text.asp?2013/15/67/437/121253)
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5) Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure
Thomas Münzel, Tommaso Gori, Wolfgang Babisch, Mathias Basner
The role of noise as an environmental pollutant and its impact on
health are being increasingly recognized. Beyond its effects on the
auditory system, noise causes annoyance and disturbs sleep, and it
impairs cognitive performance. Furthermore, evidence from
epidemiologic studies demonstrates that environmental noise is
associated with an increased incidence of arterial hypertension,
myocardial infarction, and stroke. Both observational and experimental
studies indicate that in particular night-time noise can cause
disruptions of sleep structure, vegetative arousals (e.g. increases of
blood pressure and heart rate) and increases in stress hormone levels
and oxidative stress, which in turn may result in endothelial
dysfunction and arterial hypertension. This review focuses on the
cardiovascular consequences of environmental noise exposure and
stresses the importance of noise mitigation strategies for public
health.
European Heart Journal 2014 DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu030 829-836 - read article
(http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/13/829)
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6) Effects of solid barriers on dispersion of roadway emissions
Nico Schulte, Michelle Snyder, Vlad Isakov, David Heist, Akula Venkatram
Roadside barriers mitigate the impact of vehicular emissions on near
road air quality. The concentration reduction is largest during stable
conditions. The primary effect of barriers is to mix pollutants over
the barrier height. A simple model that incorporates enhanced mixing
describes observations.
Atmospheric Environment 97, November 2014, 286–295 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014006207)
- o -
7) Impact of traffic-related pollution on respiratory function in
children living in London's low emission zone: A sequential cross
sectional study
Chris Griffiths, Ian Mudway, Helen Wood, Isobel Dundas, Louise Cross,
Nadine Marlin, Jeenath Jamaludin, Stephen Bremner, Robert Walton,
Andrew Grieve, Jonathan Grigg, Chinedu Nwokoro, Rossa Brugha, Sean
Beevers, Seif Shaheen, Tak Lee, Frank Kelly
We found no improvement in children's respiratory health in the
initial years of London's LEZ. We observed evidence of reduced lung
volume related to long term exposure to traffic pollutants consistent
with impaired lung growth.
ERJ September 1, 2013 vol. 42 no. Suppl 57 P3621 - read abstract
(http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/42/Suppl_57/P3621.short)
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8) The risks of acute exposure to black carbon in Southern Europe:
results from the MED-PARTICLES project
Bart Ostro, Aurelio Tobias, Angeliki Karanasiou, Evangelia Samoli,
Xavier Querol, Sophia Rodopoulou, Xavier Basagaña, Kostas
Eleftheriadis, Evangelia Diapouli, Stergios Vratolis, Benedicte
Jacquemin, Klea Katsouyanni, Jordi Sunyer, Francesco Forastiere,
Massimo Stafoggia9 and the MED-PARTICLES Study Group
Our findings suggest that BC, derived in western industrialised
nations primarily from diesel engines and biomass burning, poses a
significant burden to public health, particularly in European cities
with high-traffic density.
Occup Environ Med 2015;72:123-129 - read abstract
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/2/123.abstract?etoc)
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9) Commuting-Adjusted Short-Term Health Impact Assessment of Airborne
Fine Particles with Uncertainty Quantification via Monte Carlo
Simulation
Michela Baccini, Laura Grisotto, Dolores Catelan, Dario Consonni, Pier
Alberto Bertazzi, Annibale Biggeri
Our estimates, which incorporated uncertainty quantification, indicate
that the short-term impact of PM10 on mortality in Lombardy in 2007
was notable, and that reduction in air pollution would have had a
substantial beneficial effect on population health. Using commuting
data helped to identify critical areas for prioritizing intervention.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408218/)
10) “Exported” Deaths and Short-Term PM10 Exposure: Factoring the
Impact of Commuting into Mortality Estimates
Julia R. Barrett
Exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM10) has been associated with
increased mortality. Reliable health impact assessments are difficult,
however, because existing exposure data may be incomplete, and
exposures and effects alike typically are predicted rather than
observed. A new report in EHP estimates mortality attributable to
short-term PM10 exposure using sophisticated models to account for two
of the chief obstacles to assessing health impact—namely, data
uncertainty and mobility of the population.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/123-A22/)
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11) Modification of the Association between PM10 and Lung Function
Decline by Cadherin 13 Polymorphisms in the SAPALDIA Cohort: A
Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis
Medea Imboden, Ashish Kumar, Ivan Curjuric, Martin Adam, Gian Andri
Thun, Margot Haun, Ming-Yi Tsai, Marco Pons, Robert Bettschart,
Alexander Turk, Thierry Rochat, Nino Künzli, Christian Schindler,
Florian Kronenberg, Nicole M. Probst-Hensch
Both air pollution and genetic variation have been shown to affect
lung function. Their interaction has not been studied on a genome-wide
scale to date. CDH13 is functionally linked to the adipokine
adiponectin, an inflammatory regulator. Future studies need to confirm
the interaction and assess how the result relates to previously
observed interactions between air pollution and obesity on respiratory
function.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307398/)
- o -
12) Associations between three specific a-cellular measures of the
oxidative potential of particulate matter and markers of acute airway
and nasal inflammation in healthy volunteers
Nicole A H Janssen, Maciej Strak, Aileen Yang, Bryan Hellack, Frank J
Kelly, Thomas A J Kuhlbusch, Roy M Harrison, Bert Brunekreef, Flemming
R Cassee, Maaike Steenhof, Gerard Hoek
We found significant associations between three a-cellular measures of
OP of PM and markers of airway and nasal inflammation. However,
consistency of these effects in two-pollutant models depended on how
measurements at the underground site were considered. Lung function
and vascular inflammatory and coagulation parameters in blood were not
consistently associated with OP. Our study, therefore, provides
limited support for a role of OP in predicting acute health effects of
PM in healthy young adults.
Occup Environ Med 2015;72:49-56 - read abstract
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/1/49.abstract?etoc)
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13) Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the incidence of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national English cohort
R W Atkinson, I M Carey, A J Kent, T P van Staa, H R Anderson, D G Cook
This large population-based cohort study found limited, inconclusive
evidence for associations between air pollution and COPD incidence.
Further work, utilising improved estimates of air pollution over time
and enhanced socioeconomic indicators, is required to clarify the
association between air pollution and COPD incidence.
Occup Environ Med 2015;72:42-48 - read article
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/1/42.full)
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14) Making air quality indices comparable – assessment of 10 years of
air pollutant levels in western Europe
Hanna Leona Lokys, Jürgen Junk, Andreas Krein
To address the incomparability of the large number of existing air
quality indices, we propose a new normalization method that is suited
to directly compare air quality indices based on the common European
World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines for NO2, O3,
and PM10. Using this method, we compared three air quality indices
based on the European guidelines, related them to another air quality
index based on the relative risk concept, and used them to assess the
air quality and its trends in northwest central Europe. The average
air quality in the area of investigation is below the recommended
European guidelines. The majority of index values exceeding this
threshold are caused by PM10, which is also, in most cases,
responsible for the degrading trends in air quality. Eleven out of 29
stations tested showed significant trends, of which eight indicated
trends towards better air quality.
International Journal of Environmental Health Research 25:1, 2015
52-66 - read abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09603123.2014.893568#.VJLb6tKsWN9)
- o -
15) Effect of Exposure to Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles on
Production of Free Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolites in the Mouse
Small Intestine
Rongsong Li, Kaveh Navab, Greg Hough, Nancy Daher, Min Zhang, David
Mittelstein, Katherine Lee, Payam Pakbin, Arian Saffari, May
Bhetraratana, Dawoud Sulaiman, Tyler Beebe, Lan Wu, Nelson Jen, Eytan
Wine, Chi-Hong Tseng, Jesus A. Araujo, Alan Fogelman, Constantinos
Sioutas, Mohamed Navab, Tzung K. Hsiai
Exposure to UFP promotes lipid metabolism, villus shortening, and
inflammatory responses in mouse small intestine, whereas
administration of D-4F attenuated these effects. Our findings provide
a basis to further assess the mechanisms underlying UFP-mediated lipid
metabolism in the digestive system with clinical relevance to gut
homeostasis and diseases.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307036/)
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
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Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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