[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update February 2015
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Thu Feb 19 17:56:19 GMT 2015
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update February 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - January 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2015-February/000081.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*Notice*
Conference (25 March 2015): Hosted by Care4Air, the eighth Clearer
Future Conference will be held in Sheffield at the Hilton Hotel,
Victoria Quays, on Wednesday 25th March. This year’s conference will
have a keynote presentation from Dr Ian Mudway. It is free to attend,
and you can register here
(https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/clearer-future-conference-2015-tickets-15514004806).
*CONTENTS*
1) EEB Cross border pollution
2) Associations between daily mortality in London and combined oxidant
capacity, ozone and nitrogen dioxide
3) PM2.5 in Beijing – temporal pattern and its association with influenza
4) The relationship between air pollution and asthma in Malaysian
schoolchildren
5) Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the
epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the
mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study
6) Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure during pregnancy - A
molecular assessment
7) The association of PM2.5 with full term low birth weight at
different spatial scales
8) The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes
9) Sources and contents of air pollution affecting term low birth
weight in Los Angeles County, California, 2001–2008
10) Is air quality index associated with cardiometabolic risk factors
in adolescents? The CASPIAN-III Study
11) The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ambient Air Pollution and
Mechanistic Pathways: A Comparative Hierarchical Pathway Analysis
12) Relationships Between Fine Particulate Air Pollution,
Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Mortality
13) Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental
Disorders in Swedish Twins
14) Air Pollution and Percent Emphysema Identified by Computed
Tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
15) Impacts of intercontinental transport of anthropogenic fine
particulate matter on human mortality
16) Characterisation of nanoparticle emissions and exposure at traffic
intersections through fast–response mobile and sequential measurements
17) Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of
Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter
18) Evaluation of impacts of trees on PM2.5 dispersion in urban streets
19) Indoor/outdoor air pollution relationships in ten commercial
buildings: PM2.5 and NO2
20) Evaluation of green walls as a passive acoustic insulation system
for buildings
21) Air Quality in the City Regions. A Transport Toolkit
22) Policy symbolism and air pollution in Toronto and Ontario, 1963–1967
23) The Power of Urban Planning on Environmental Sustainability: A
Focus Group Study in Finland
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1) EEB Cross border pollution
The European Environment Bureau has produced illustrations for some
European countries showing how air pollution crosses national
boundaries, and what the impact of air pollution from PM2.5 is on
those countries' health and economy.
http://www.eeb.org/index.cfm/activities/industry-health/air/infographics-on-cross-border-pollution/
- o -
2) Associations between daily mortality in London and combined oxidant
capacity, ozone and nitrogen dioxide
M. L. Williams, R. W. Atkinson, H. R. Anderson, F. J. Kelly
Our study has demonstrated that the strong interrelationship between
daily concentrations of O3 and NO2 suggests that analysis of each
pollutant separately does not capture adequately the combined effects
on the population from simultaneous exposure to the two interacting
pollutants.
Air Qual Atmos Health (2014) 7:407–414 - read article
(http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/125/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11869-014-0249-8.pdf?auth66=1423660929_c7b48c72fa216697740b30d4b03377aa&ext=.pdf)
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3) PM2.5 in Beijing – temporal pattern and its association with influenza
Yijia Liang, Liqun Fang, Hui Pan, Kezhong Zhang, Haidong Kan, Jeffrey
R Brook, Qinghua Sun
Ambient PM2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with human
influenza cases in Beijing, which have important implications for
public health and environmental actions.
Environmental Health 2014, 13:102 - read article
(http://www.ehjournal.net/content/13/1/102)
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4) The relationship between air pollution and asthma in Malaysian
schoolchildren
Emilia Zainal Abidin, Sean Semple, Irniza Rasdi, Sharifah Norkhadijah
Syed Ismail, Jon G. Ayres
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution may be linked to asthma
symptoms among children in Malaysia.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health December 2014, 7,4, 421-432 - read
abstract (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-014-0252-0)
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5) Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the
epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the
mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study
Juan Jose Carmona, Tamar Sofer, John Hutchinson, Laura Cantone, Brent
Coull, Arnab Maity, Pantel Vokonas, Xihong Lin, Joel Schwartz, Andrea
A Baccarelli
Exposure to short-term air pollution components resulted in
quantifiable epigenetic changes in the promoter areas of MAPK pathway
genes. Bioinformatic mapping of single- vs. multi-exposure-associated
epigenetic changes suggests that these alterations might affect
biological pathways in nuanced ways that are not simply additive or
fully predictable via individual-level exposure assessments.
Environmental Health 2014, 13:94 - read article
(http://www.ehjournal.net/content/13/1/94)
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6) Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure during pregnancy - A
molecular assessment
S Nagiah, A Phulukdaree, D Naidoo, K Ramcharan, RN Naidoo, D Moodley,
A Chuturgoon
Chronic air pollution exposure during pregnancy can cause oxidative
stress leading to adverse birth outcomes. Pregnant women exposed to
higher air pollutant levels showed increased markers for oxidative
stress and compromised DNA integrity and repair.
Hum Exp Toxicol November 17, 2014 0960327114559992 - read abstract
(http://het.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/11/13/0960327114559992.abstract)
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7) The association of PM2.5 with full term low birth weight at
different spatial scales
Gerald Harris, W. Douglas Thompson, Edward Fitzgerald, Daniel Wartenberg
We consider the association of low birth weight with PM2.5 exposure
during pregnancy. We examine factors that may affect the association
between LBW and PM2.5 exposure. We find that the association depends
on the gestation period when exposed. We find that the association
depends on the spatial and temporal data resolution.
Environmental Research 134, October 2014, 427–434 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001393511400200X)
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8) The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes
Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Dikea Roussos-Rosb, Kan Haidonc, Jeffrey Rotd, Xiaohui Xu
Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of term LBW, PTD and
VPTD. The effects of PM2.5 on ABOs are strongest during the second
trimester. Prenatal O3 exposure may increase the risk of PTD and VPTD.
The protective association between O3 and term LBW needs further
investigation.
Environmental Research 134, October 2014, 198–204 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001393511400259X)
- o -
9) Sources and contents of air pollution affecting term low birth
weight in Los Angeles County, California, 2001–2008
Olivier Laurent, Jianlin Hu, Lianfa Li, Myles Cockburn, Loraine
Escobedo, Michael J. Kleeman, Jun Wu
The first study of low birth weight (LBW) and ultrafine particulate
matter (PM). Increased LBW risks are associated with total mass of
primary fine and ultrafine PM. Gasoline, woodsmoke and meat cooking
are the sources most associated with LBW risk. Several chemical
species in fine and ultrafine PM are also associated with LBW risk.
Risks are higher for women with hypertension, diabetes and a high body
mass index.
Environmental Research 134, October 2014, 488–495 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114001546)
- o -
10) Is air quality index associated with cardiometabolic risk factors
in adolescents? The CASPIAN-III Study
Parinaz Poursafa, Marjan Mansourian, Mohammad-Esmaeil Motlagh, Gelayol
Ardalan, Roya Kelishadi
Air pollution was associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors in
adolescents. Low air quality had positive correlations with total
cholesterol, LDL-C, and TG. Low air quality had negative correlations
with HDL-C. Low air quality had positive correlations with systolic
blood pressure. These associations were independent of age, gender,
anthropometric and lifestyle factors.
Environmental Research 134, October 2014, 105–109 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114002412)
- o -
11) The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ambient Air Pollution and
Mechanistic Pathways: A Comparative Hierarchical Pathway Analysis
Ananya Roy, Jicheng Gong, Duncan C. Thomas, Junfeng Zhang, Howard M.
Kipen, David Q. Rich, Tong Zhu, Wei Huang, Min Hu, Guangfa Wang,
Yuedan Wang, Ping Zhu, Shou-En Lu, Sandrah P. Eckel
These findings suggest that, among this healthy young adult
population, the pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress pathway is
the first to respond to ambient air pollution exposure (within 24
hours) and the hemostasis pathway responds gradually over a 2–3 day
period. The initial pulmonary response may contribute to the more
gradual systemic changes that likely ultimately involve the
cardiovascular system.
PlosOne December 12, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114913 - read
article
(http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0114913)
- o -
12) Relationships Between Fine Particulate Air Pollution,
Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Mortality
C. Arden Pope III, Michelle C. Turner, Richard T. Burnett, Michael
Jerrett, Susan M. Gapstur, W. Ryan Diver, Daniel Krewski, Robert D.
Brook
Pollution-induced CVD mortality risk is observed for those with and
without existing cardiometabolic disorders. Long-term exposure may
also contribute to the development or exacerbation of cardiometabolic
disorders, increasing risk of CVD, and cardiometabolic disease
mortality.
Circulation Research 2015; 116: 108-115 - read abstract
(http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/116/1/108.abstract)
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13) Exposure to Air Pollution From Traffic and Neurodevelopmental
Disorders in Swedish Twins
Tong Gong, Catarina Almqvist, Sven Bölte, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik
Anckarsäter, Tomas Lind, Cecilia Lundholm, Göran Pershagen
Our data do not provide support for an association between pre- or
postnatal exposure to air pollution from road traffic and
neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
Twin Research and Human Genetics 17,06 December 2014, 553-562 - read
abstract
(http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9445424&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1832427414000589)
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14) Air Pollution and Percent Emphysema Identified by Computed
Tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Sara D. Adar, Joel D. Kaufman, Ana V. Diez-Roux, Eric A. Hoffman,
Jennifer D’Souza, Karen H. Stukovsky, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I.
Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, Leslie J. Raffel, Paul D. Sampson, Assaf P. Oron,
Trivellore Raghunathan, R. Graham Bar
Associations between ambient air pollution and percentage of
emphysema-like lung were inconclusive in this cross-sectional study,
thus longitudinal analyses may better clarify these associations with
percent emphysema.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307951 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307951/)
- o -
15) Impacts of intercontinental transport of anthropogenic fine
particulate matter on human mortality
Susan C. Anenberg, J. Jason West, Hongbin Yu, Mian Chin, Michael
Schulz, Dan Bergmann, Isabelle Bey, Huisheng Bian, Thomas Diehl,
Arlene Fiore, Peter Hess, Elina Marmer, Veronica Montanaro, Rokjin
Park, Drew Shindell, Toshihiko Takemura, Frank Dentener
Compared with a previous study of 20 % ozone precursor emission
reductions, we find that despite greater transport efficiency for
ozone, absolute mortality impacts of intercontinental PM2.5 transport
are comparable or greater for neighboring source-receptor pairs, due
to the stronger effect of PM2.5 on mortality. However, uncertainties
in modeling and concentration-response relationships are large for
both estimates.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health September 2014, 7, 3, 369-379 - read
abstract (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-014-0248-9)
- o -
16) Characterisation of nanoparticle emissions and exposure at traffic
intersections through fast–response mobile and sequential measurements
Anju Goel, Prashant Kumar
Particle number size distributions were measured inside and outside
the car. Peak number concentration at traffic signal was 29-fold of
those during free–flow. Size-resolved inside to outside concentration
ratio follows a power-law fit form. Number concentration is
exponentially dependent on driving speed at intersections. About 2% of
total commuting time at intersections corresponded to ∼25% of total
doses.
Atmospheric Environment Available online 3 February 2015, Corrected
Proof - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231015001193)
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17) Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of
Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter
Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Michael Brauer, Brian L. Boys
Satellite observations provide insight into global long-term changes
in ambient PM2.5 concentrations. Satellite-derived estimates and
ground-based PM2.5 observations from this study are available for
public use.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408646 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408646/)
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18) Evaluation of impacts of trees on PM2.5 dispersion in urban streets
Sijia Jin, Jiankang Guo, Stephen Wheeler, Liyan Kan, Shengquan Che
PM2.5 concentrations in urban street canyons with or without trees
were compared. The decrease of PM2.5 reduction rates was quantified.
Canopy density and leaf area index were identified as key predictors
for PM2.5. An optimized tree-planting strategy was suggested for a
minimum PM2.5 accumulation.
Atmospheric Environment 99, December 2014, 277–287 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014007791)
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19) Indoor/outdoor air pollution relationships in ten commercial
buildings: PM2.5 and NO2
Avril Challoner, Laurence Gill
NO2 & PM2.5 air quality monitored outside and inside commercial
buildings in Dublin. Indoor/outdoor PM2.5 ratios were all found to be
close to or above 1. Naturally ventilated buildings had lowest NO2
concentrations indoors. Strong diurnal NO2 relationships between
outdoor and indoor air quality. Indoor/outdoor ratios increased
overnight as outdoor concentrations reduced.
Building and Environment 80, October 2014, 159–173 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132314001826)
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20) Evaluation of green walls as a passive acoustic insulation system
for buildings
Z. Azkorra, G. Pérez, J. Coma, L.F. Cabeza, S. Bures, J.E. Álvaro, A.
Erkoreka, M. Urrestarazu
Weighted sound reduction index of 15 db were obtained by green wall.
Weighted sound absorption coefficient of 0.40 were found by green
wall. Green wall have significant potential sound insulation for
vegetal architecture.
Applied Acoustics 89, March 2015, 46–56 Reuniting Health with Planning
This is a special issue
(http://www.tcpa.org.uk/data/files/Health_and_planning/2014_Health_edition_journal/83-11_November_2014.pdf)of Town & Country Planning, November 2014, which examines the current position and helps readers to better understand both the influence of the built and natural environments on our health and the role of spatial planning in shaping places that help us to maintain good
health.
Includes the following articles:
Jessica Allen: Planning – a powerful tool for reducing health inequalities
Adrian Davis: Public health evidence to support transport planning
Angie Jukes: Better together – embedding health into all stages of the
planning process at Stockport
- o -
21) Air Quality in the City Regions. A Transport Toolkit
This document has been produced in response to the health and economic
impacts of poor air quality in the UK’s city regions. It has been
written for the public authority professionals who do not work
day-to-day in a local air quality management or environmental health
function, but do have a role to play in improving matters. This could
be through transport, planning, energy efficiency, fleet management or
procurement functions. It contains a comprehensive set of guidance,
references, signposts and case study examples relevant to managing
local air pollution in the UK city regions.
Passenger Transport Executive Group - download toolkit
(http://www.pteg.net/system/files/general-docs/Air%20quality%20toolkit%2011.08.14%20v2.pdf)
(80pp)
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22) Policy symbolism and air pollution in Toronto and Ontario, 1963–1967
Owen Temby
In 1967, jurisdiction over clean air policy in Toronto and the rest of
Ontario's municipalities was transferred to the provincial government.
Even though the municipalities had obtained extensive authority to
regulate air pollution within their own boundaries nine years earlier,
the vast majority (apart from Toronto) had not developed clean air
programmes. Yet air pollution was a highly salient issue that aroused
considerable public attention and local activism. This paper provides
an account of the provincial takeover in air pollution, focusing on
two factors enabling the Ontario government to pass two statutes
transferring authority from municipalities to the provincial
Department of Health. First, despite resistance in Toronto, the policy
change was favoured by industry, which had more influence in the
provincial government than across municipalities. Second, the
inherently symbolic features of clean air policy allowed the
provincial government to satisfy public demand for action while not
appreciably creating more stringent regulations. These findings are
consistent with studies of US clean air policy displaying a similar
tendency among industry to support regulatory standardization across
broad political scales.
Planning Perspectives 30,2, 2015 271-284 - read abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02665433.2014.956782#.VNtBN-asWN8)
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23) The Power of Urban Planning on Environmental Sustainability: A
Focus Group Study in Finland
Eeva-Sofia Säynäjoki, Jukka Heinonen, Seppo Junnila
This study suggests that land use planners are not by themselves able
to deploy the full potential power of urban planning to impact
environmental sustainability. Attempts to reduce private driving and
the heating energy use in buildings through higher urban density may
lead to situations where the alternative patterns of land use are
ruled out—patterns that could potentially support sustainable
lifestyles and reduce the overall environmental burden of all
consumption. Purposeful co-operation, ambitious and jointly-held
environmental objectives, critique on prioritising short-term economic
considerations over long-term environmental concerns and better
quantification of environmental sustainability through
consumption-based approach to the environmental evaluation of land use
are all needed to create better futures in the form of sustainable
communities.
Sustainability 2014, 6(10), 6622-6643 - read article
(http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/10/6622/htm)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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