[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update December 2014
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Wed Dec 31 14:21:12 GMT 2014
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update December 2014 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - November 2014:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2014-December/000078.html
Index page for Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Impacts of intercontinental transport of anthropogenic fine
particulate matter on human mortality
2) Short-term impacts of particulate matter (PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5) on
mortality in nine French cities
3) Early-Life Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and ADHD
Behavior Problems
4) Socioeconomic Position and Low Birth Weight among Mothers Exposed
to Traffic-Related Air Pollution
5) Exhaust particles of modern gasoline vehicles: A laboratory and an
on-road study
6) Association of short-term increases in ambient air pollution and
timing of initial asthma diagnosis among medicaid-enrolled children in
a metropolitan area
7) Fine particulate matter air pollution and blood pressure: The
modifying role of psychosocial stress
8) Cycleways and footpaths: What separation is needed for equivalent
air pollution dose between travel modes?
9) Inside Beijing's airpocalypse – a city made 'almost uninhabitable'
by pollution
Oliver Wainwright
10) Air quality targets much cheaper than expected
11) Air pollution ‘kills 7,500 Londoners each year’
12) 447,000 premature deaths/year in EU due to bad air quality
13) School pupils and hospital patients at risk of killer pollution, say MPs
14) Erratum: “Performance of Multi-City Land Use Regression Models for
Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine Particles”
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1) Impacts of intercontinental transport of anthropogenic fine
particulate matter on human mortality
Susan C. Anenberg, J. Jason West, Hongbin Yu, Mian Chin, Michael
Schulz, Dan Bergmann, Isabelle Bey, Huisheng Bian, Thomas Diehl,
Arlene Fiore, Peter Hess, Elina Marmer, Veronica Montanaro, Rokjin
Park, Drew Shindell, Toshihiko Takemura, Frank Dentener
Fine particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is
associated with premature mortality and can travel long distances,
impacting air quality and health on intercontinental scales.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 7:3 369-379 - read abstract
(http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-014-0248-9)
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2) Short-term impacts of particulate matter (PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5) on
mortality in nine French cities
Mathilde Pascal, Grégoire Falq, Vérène Wagner, Edouard Chatignoux,
Magali Corso, Myriam Blanchard, Sabine Host, Laurence Pascal, Sophie
Larrieu
PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 have a significant short-term impact on mortality.
For all PM metrics, the largest impacts were observed during summer.
Results indicate a possible interaction between PM and temperature on
mortality. Daily regulatory values for PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 would
protect human health.
Atmospheric Environment 95, October 2014, 175–184 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014004762)
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3) Early-Life Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and ADHD
Behavior Problems
Frederica P. Perera, Hsin-wen Chang, Deliang Tang, Emily L. Roen,
Julie Herbstman, Amy Margolis, Tzu-Jung Huang, Rachel L. Miller,Shuang
Wang, Virginia Rauh
The results suggest that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
encountered in New York City air may play a role in childhood
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder behavior problems.
PlosOne November 05, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111670 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111670)
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4) Socioeconomic Position and Low Birth Weight among Mothers Exposed
to Traffic-Related Air Pollution
Mateus Habermann, Nelson Gouveia
This study found an unexpected decreased risk of LBW associated with
traffic related air pollution. Mothers with advantaged socioeconomic
position (SEP) although residing in areas of higher vehicular traffic
might not in fact be more expose to air pollution. It can also be that
the protection against LBW arising from a better SEP is stronger than
the effect of exposure to air pollution, and this exposure may not be
sufficient to increase the risk of LBW for these mothers.
PlosOne November 26, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113900 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0113900)
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5) Exhaust particles of modern gasoline vehicles: A laboratory and an
on-road study
Panu Karjalainen, Liisa Pirjola, Juha Heikkilä, Tero Lähde, Theodoros
Tzamkiozis, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Jorma Keskinen, Topi Rönkkö
Four types of exhaust particles were observed in the exhaust of GDI
vehicles. Nonvolatile particle size distribution consisted of two
modes. GDI vehicles emitted particles also during engine braking
conditions. Semivolatile nucleation particles were in the exhaust at
high load conditions. Particle emissions were in real-world
qualitatively similar as in the laboratory.
Atmospheric Environment 97, November 2014, 262–270 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014006190)
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6) Association of short-term increases in ambient air pollution and
timing of initial asthma diagnosis among medicaid-enrolled children in
a metropolitan area
Judy K. Wendt, Elaine Symanski, Thomas H. Stock, Wenyaw Chan, Xianglin L. Du
Short-term air pollution exposure is associated with asthma symptoms
in children.
Whether these exposures impact the timing of initial asthma diagnosis
is unknown. Asthma diagnosis was more likely after periods of higher
air pollution exposure. Acute air pollution exposure may be a proximal
trigger of initial asthma symptoms.
Environmental Research 131, May 2014, 50–58 - read abstract (http://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114000401)
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7) Fine particulate matter air pollution and blood pressure: The
modifying role of psychosocial stress
Margaret T. Hicken, J. Timothy Dvonch, Amy J. Schulz, Graciela Mentz, Paul Max
Work suggests that psychosocial stress increases vulnerability to the
effects of air pollution in certain contexts. We examined the
modifying role of psychosocial stress on the hypertensive effects of
PM2.5. In Southwest Detroit, high stress was associated with stronger
PM2.5–BP associations.
Environmental Research 133, August 2014, 195–203 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114001935)
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8) Cycleways and footpaths: What separation is needed for equivalent
air pollution dose between travel modes?
Stuart K. Grange, Kim N. Dirks, Seosamh B. Costello, Jennifer A. Salmond
Active mode commuters travelling on a road receive larger doses of CO
than motorists. A method is presented for estimating the appropriate
separation of cycleways and footpaths. Even a modest increase in
separation can result in considerable reductions in dose. Distances
from the road centre to cycleway or footpath ranged from 5.8 to 14.2 m.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 32, October
2014, 111–119 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920914000996)
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9) Inside Beijing's airpocalypse – a city made 'almost uninhabitable'
by pollution
Oliver Wainwright
The 21 million inhabitants of China’s capital appear to be engaged in
a city-wide rehearsal for life on an inhospitable planet. Only it’s
not a rehearsal: the poisonous atmosphere is already here
Guardian, 16 Dec 2014 - read article
(http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/dec/16/beijing-airpocalypse-city-almost-uninhabitable-pollution-china)
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10) Air quality targets much cheaper than expected
Christer Ågren
The EU’s new climate and energy policy for 2030 opens the way for more
ambitious clean air targets. The air pollution limits for 2030
proposed by the Commission last December could be achieved at €5.5bn
less cost per year when the climate and energy package for 2030 is
factored in.
Acid News 2014 No. 4, December 2014 - read article
(http://www.airclim.org/acidnews/air-quality-targets-much-cheaper-expected)
11) Air pollution ‘kills 7,500 Londoners each year’
Clean Air in London estimates number of deaths in capital caused PM2.5
and NO2 based on data published by Mayor
Air Quality News, 2 Dec 2014 - read article
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2014/12/02/air-pollution-kills-7500-londoners-each-year/)
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12) 447,000 premature deaths/year in EU due to bad air quality
Christer Ågren
Elevated levels of air pollutants, primarily fine particulate matter
and ground-level ozone, are the top environmental cause of premature
death in Europe.
In 2012, about 92 per cent of the EU urban population was exposed to
levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeding the air quality
guidelines established by the World Health Organization to protect
people’s health. And about 98 per cent of EU urban citizens were
exposed to ozone levels exceeding the WHO’s guideline value.
Acid News 2014 No. 4, December 2014 - read article
(http://www.airclim.org/acidnews/447000-premature-deathsyear-eu-due-bad-air-quality)
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13) School pupils and hospital patients at risk of killer pollution, say MPs
John Vidal
The Commons environmental audit Committee says it is unacceptable a
whole generation could have health seriously impaired by air pollution
above EU limits
Guardian, 8 Dec 2014 - read article
(http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/dec/08/school-pupils-hospital-patients-risk-killer-pollution-mps)
- o -
14) Erratum: “Performance of Multi-City Land Use Regression Models for
Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine Particles”
Wang et al. discovered an error in their article “Performance of
Multi-City Land Use Regression Models for Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine
Particles” [Environ Health Perspect 122:843–849 (2014);
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307271]. In Table 3, beta values for
the NO2 model were incorrect. The corrected table appears below.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.122-A322 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/122-A322/)
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
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