[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update October 2014
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Thu Nov 20 16:47:06 GMT 2014
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update October 2014 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - September 2014:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2014-September/000075.html
Index page for Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Air pollution and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and tissue
repair in COPD patients
2) Increased ultrafine particles and carbon monoxide concentrations
are associated with asthma exacerbation among urban children
3) Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution as a risk
factor for acute isolated pulmonary embolism
4) Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a
longitudinal, multilevel analysis
5) Comparison of the regulated air pollutant emission characteristics
of real-world driving cycle and ECE cycle for motorcycles
6) Study of PM10 and PM2.5 levels in three European cities: Analysis
of intra and inter urban variations
7) Traffic-Related Air Pollution and the Onset of Myocardial
Infarction: Disclosing Benzene as a Trigger? A Small-Area
Case-Crossover Study
8) Increased Risk of Dementia in Patients Exposed to Nitrogen Dioxide
and Carbon Monoxide: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
9) Modifying Effect of a Common Polymorphism in the Interleukin-6
Promoter on the Relationship between Long-Term Exposure to
Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Heart Rate Variability
10) Air pollution and decreased semen quality: A comparative study of
Chongqing urban and rural areas
11) Combined effects of road traffic noise and ambient air pollution
in relation to risk for stroke?
12) Sources of Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Preterm Birth in
Connecticut, 2000–2006: A Longitudinal Study
13) Proximity to Traffic, Ambient Air Pollution, and Community Noise
in Relation to Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis
14) A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of
PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and
neurological disorders
15) Ozone and Daily Mortality Rate in 21 Cities of East Asia: How Does
Season Modify the Association?
16) Ozone levels in European and USA cities are increasing more than
at rural sites, while peak values are decreasing
17) Effectiveness of Low Emission Zones: Large Scale Analysis of
Changes in Environmental NO2, NO and NOx Concentrations in 17 German
Cities
18) The impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in
the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel
19) Urban snow indicates pollution originating from road traffic
20) Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances
and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities
21) Benefits of investing in cycling
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1) Air pollution and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and tissue
repair in COPD patients
Payam Dadvand, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Àlvar Agustí, Jordi de Batlle,
Marta Benet, Rob Beelen, Marta Cirach, David Martinez, Gerard Hoek,
Xavier Basagaña, Antoni Ferrer, Jaume Ferrer, Robert Rodriguez-Roisin,
Jaume Sauleda, Stefano Guerra, Josep M. Antó, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
These results show that exposure to ambient NO2 increases systemic
inflammation in COPD patients, especially in former smokers.
ERJ September 1, 2014 vol. 44 no. 3 603-613 - read abstract
(http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/3/603.abstract)
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2) Increased ultrafine particles and carbon monoxide concentrations
are associated with asthma exacerbation among urban children
Kristin A. Evans, Jill S. Halterman, Philip K. Hopke, Maria Fagnano,
David Q. Rich
Case-crossover design used to study associations between air
pollutants and pediatric asthma. Ultrafine particles and carbon
monoxide increased exacerbation risk in urban children. Stronger
effects were observed among children receiving daily preventive
medication. Some asthmatic children may be more susceptible to effects
of pollutants.
Environmental Research 129, February 2014, 11–19 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935113002028)
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3) Short-term exposure to high levels of air pollution as a risk
factor for acute isolated pulmonary embolism
Luca Spiezia, Elena Campello, Maria Bon, Sara Maggiolo, Elena
Pelizzaro, Paolo Simioni
Our results, although preliminary, identify short-term (i.e. one
month) exposure to elevate levels of air pollutants as a possible risk
factor for the development of acute isolated PE. Larger studies are
needed to confirm our results.
Thrombosis Research 134;2, 259–263, August 2014 - read abstract
(http://www.thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-3848(14)00276-X/abstract)
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4) Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a
longitudinal, multilevel analysis
Michael Jerrett, Rob McConnell, Jennifer Wolch, Roger Chang, Claudia
Lam, Genevieve Dunton, Frank Gilliland, Fred Lurmann, Talat Islam,
Kiros Berhane
Traffic pollution was positively associated with growth in BMI in
children aged 5–11 years. Traffic pollution may be controlled via
emission restrictions; changes in land use that promote jobs-housing
balance and use of public transit and hence reduce vehicle miles
traveled; promotion of zero emissions vehicles; transit and
car-sharing programs; or by limiting high pollution traffic, such as
diesel trucks, from residential areas or places where children play
outdoors, such as schools and parks. These measures may have
beneficial effects in terms of reduced obesity formation in children.
Environmental Health 2014, 13:49 - read article
(http://www.ehjournal.net/content/13/1/49)
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5) Comparison of the regulated air pollutant emission characteristics
of real-world driving cycle and ECE cycle for motorcycles
Hung-Lung Chiang, Pei-Hsiu Huang, Yen-Ming Lai, Ting-Yi Lee
Motorcycles are an important source of transportation and emissions in
urban areas. The motorcycle population has increased significantly in
recent years. A GPS determines the speed–time data of motorcycle
driving characteristics. An on-board air pollutant analyzer determines
the instant exhaust concentration.
Atmospheric Environment 87, April 2014, 1–9 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101300976X)
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6) Study of PM10 and PM2.5 levels in three European cities: Analysis
of intra and inter urban variations
P.A. Kassomenos, S. Vardoulakis, A. Chaloulakou, A.K. Paschalidou, G.
Grivas, R. Borge, J. Lumbreras
Sources and factors affecting PM are investigated in Athens, London
and Madrid. EU PM limit values are frequently breached forming a
potential public health hazard. Contribution of secondary/natural PM
in summertime is higher in Athens and Madrid. Contribution of
non-combustion sources varies among cities, sites and seasons.
Non-combustion fraction of both PM metrics is higher during summer at
all sites.
Atmospheric Environment 87, April 2014, 153–163 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014000132)
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7) Traffic-Related Air Pollution and the Onset of Myocardial
Infarction: Disclosing Benzene as a Trigger? A Small-Area
Case-Crossover Study
Denis Bard Wahida Kihal, Charles Schillinger, Christophe Fermanian,
Claire Ségala, Sophie Glorion, Dominique Arveiler, Christiane Weber
We have observed that benzene in ambient air is strongly associated
with the triggering of MI. This novel finding needs confirmation. If
so, this would mean that not only diesel vehicles, the main
particulate matter emitters, but also gasoline-fueled cars –main
benzene emitters–, should be taken into account for public health
action.
Plos One June 16, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100307 - read article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100307)
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8) Increased Risk of Dementia in Patients Exposed to Nitrogen Dioxide
and Carbon Monoxide: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Kuang-Hsi Chang, Mei-Yin Chang, Chih-Hsin Muo, Trong-Neng Wu,
Chiu-Ying Chen, Chia-Hung Kao
The results of this large retrospective, population-based study
indicate that exposure to NO2 and CO is associated with an increased
risk of dementia in the Taiwanese population.
Plos One August 12, 2014, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103078 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0103078)
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9) Modifying Effect of a Common Polymorphism in the Interleukin-6
Promoter on the Relationship between Long-Term Exposure to
Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Heart Rate Variability
Martin Adam, Medea Imboden, Eva Boes, Emmanuel Schaffner, Nino Künzli,
Harish Chandra Phuleria, Florian Kronenberg, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, David
Carballo, Nicole Probst-Hensch
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that traffic-related
air pollution decreases heart rate variability through inflammatory
mechanisms.
Plos One August 18, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104978 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0104978)
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10) Air pollution and decreased semen quality: A comparative study of
Chongqing urban and rural areas
Niya Zhou, Zhihong Cui, Sanming Yang, Xue Han, Gangcai Chen, Ziyuan
Zhou, Chongzhi Zhai, Mingfu Ma, Lianbing Li, Min Cai, Yafei Li, Lin
Ao, Weiqun Shu, Jinyi Liu
We investigate the distributions of PM10, SO2 and NO2 in urban and
rural areas in Chongqing, China. We explore the associations of air
pollution and male semen quality. The concentrations of PM10, SO2, and
NO2 are significantly higher in urban areas. Median values of some
semen quality parameters in rural male were higher than urban male.
PM10, SO2, and NO2 were negatively associated with semen quality
parameters.
Environmental Pollution 187, April 2014, 145–152 - read abstract (http://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114000062)
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11) Combined effects of road traffic noise and ambient air pollution
in relation to risk for stroke?
Mette Sørensen, Pernille Lühdorf, Matthias Ketzel, Zorana J. Andersen,
Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Cohort study with historical residential address information from 1987
to 2009. Modelled exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic
noise at all addresses. In mutually adjusted models road traffic noise
and not air pollution was associated ischemic stroke. Air pollution
and not road traffic noise was associated with increased risk for
fatal stroke. Indications of combined effects of the two exposures at
highest exposures in relation to ischemic stroke.
Environmental Research 133, August 2014, 49–55 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114001650)
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12) Sources of Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Preterm Birth in
Connecticut, 2000–2006: A Longitudinal Study
Gavin Pereira, Michelle L. Bell, Hyung Joo Lee, Petros Koutrakis,
Kathleen Belanger
This was the first study of PM2.5 sources and preterm birth, and the
first matched analysis, that better addresses individual-level
confounding potentially inherent in all past studies. There was
insufficient evidence to suggest that sources were statistically
significantly associated with preterm birth. However, elevated central
estimates and previously observed associations with mass concentration
motivate the need for further research. Future studies would benefit
from high source exposure settings and longitudinal study designs,
such as that adopted in this study.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307741 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307741/)
13) Proximity to Traffic, Ambient Air Pollution, and Community Noise
in Relation to Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anneclaire J. De Roos, Mieke Koehoorn, Lillian Tamburic, Hugh W.
Davies, Michael Brauer
Our study confirms a previously observed association of RA risk with
proximity to traffic and suggests that neither noise levels nor
traffic-related air pollutants are responsible for this relationship.
Additional investigation of neighborhood and individual correlates of
residence near roadways may provide new insight into risk factors for
RA.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307413 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307413/)
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14) A national case-crossover analysis of the short-term effect of
PM2.5 on hospitalizations and mortality in subjects with diabetes and
neurological disorders
Antonella Zanobetti, Francesca Dominici, Yun Wang, Joel D Schwartz
We found that short-term exposure to fine particles increased the risk
of hospitalizations for Parkinson’s disease and diabetes, and of
all-cause mortality. While the association between short term exposure
to PM2.5 and mortality was higher among Medicare enrollees that had a
previous admission for diabetes and neurological disorders than among
Medicare enrollees that did not had a prior admission for these
diseases, the effect modification was not statistically significant.
We believe that these results provide useful insights regarding the
mechanisms by which particles may affect the brain. A better
understanding of the mechanisms will enable the development of new
strategies to protect individuals at risk and to reduce detrimental
effects of air pollution on the nervous system.
Environmental Health 2014, 13:38 - read article
(http://www.ehjournal.net/content/13/1/38)
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15) Ozone and Daily Mortality Rate in 21 Cities of East Asia: How Does
Season Modify the Association?
Renjie Chen, Jing Cai, Xia Meng, Ho Kim, Yasushi Honda, Yue Leon Guo,
Evangelia Samoli, Xin Yang, Haidong Kan
We found significant associations between short-term exposure to ozone
and higher mortality rate in East Asia that varied considerably from
season to season with a significant trough in winter.
Am. J. Epidemiol. (2014) 180 (7): 729-736 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/180/7/729.abstract?etoc)
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16) Ozone levels in European and USA cities are increasing more than
at rural sites, while peak values are decreasing
Elena Paoletti, Alessandra De Marco, David C.S. Beddows, Roy M.
Harrison, William J. Manning
We compared trends over 1990–2010 at paired urban and rural sites from
USA and Europe. Peaks decreased at both station types, with no
differences between types. Annual averages increased at both site
types, with a faster rate at urban centers. The overall trend was for
convergence between urban and rural data. Criteria for protection of
people and vegetation were exceeded at both site types.
Environmental Pollution 192, September 2014, 295–299 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114002073)
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17) Effectiveness of Low Emission Zones: Large Scale Analysis of
Changes in Environmental NO2, NO and NOx Concentrations in 17 German
Cities
Peter Morfeld, David A. Groneberg, Michael F. Spallek
This is the first study investigating comprehensively the
effectiveness of LEZs to reduce NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations
controlling for most relevant potential confounders. Our analyses
indicate that there is a statistically significant, but rather small
reduction of NO2, NO, and NOx concentrations associated with LEZs.
Plos One August 12, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102999 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0102999)
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18) The impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in
the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel
Pninit Cohen, Oded Potchter, Izhak Schnell
The impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels is
examined. The urban park is an effective tool for noise and air
pollution mitigation. Urban parks can reduce noise, NOx, CO and PM10
values and increase O3 levels. Park's mitigation effect is greater at
higher NOx and PM10 levels. Tree impact on dust mitigation is most
effective during dust flow episodes.
Environmental Pollution 195, December 2014, 73–83 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114003546)
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19) Urban snow indicates pollution originating from road traffic
Kirsi Kuoppamäki, , Heikki Setälä, Anna-Lea Rantalainen, D. Johan Kotze
This study revealed traffic-derived pollutants in urban snow. Most
metals, PAHs and nutrients showed the same pattern of deposition.
Consistent increase of pollutants with low, intermediate and high
intensity traffic. Significantly more pollution next to roads than at
5 m from the road bank. This study provides useful information for
managing pollution in cold climates.
Environmental Pollution 195, December 2014, 56–63 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114003583)
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20) Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances
and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities
Annika Hagenbjörk-Gustafsson, Andreas Tornevi, Eva M Andersson, Sandra
Johannesson, Tom Bellander, Anne-Sophie Merritt, Håkan Tinnerberg,
Håkan Westberg, Bertil Forsberg, Gerd Sallsten
Environmental levels of airborne carcinogenic and related substances
are comparatively better known than individual exposure and its
determinants. We report on a personal monitoring program involving
five Swedish urban populations. The aim of the program was to
investigate personal exposure to benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde,
and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 24, 437-443
(July/August 2014) - read abstract
(http://www.nature.com/jes/journal/v24/n4/full/jes201357a.html)
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21) Benefits of investing in cycling
Rachel Aldred
Investing in cycling will generate benefits for the whole country, not
just those using a bike to get around. Eleven benefits are summarised
here which can help solve a series of health, social and economic
problems. This report shows how investing in cycling is good for our
transport systems as a whole, for local economies, for social
inclusion, and for public health.
British Cycling, 2014, 24pp - read report
(http://www.britishcycling.org.uk/zuvvi/media/bc_files/campaigning/BENEFITS_OF_INVESTING_IN_CYCLING_DIGI_FINAL.pdf)
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22) Bike share’s impact on car use: Evidence from the United States,
Great Britain, and Australia
Elliot Fishman, Simon Washington, Narelle Haworth
Examines the degree to which bike share replaces car trips. Bike share
operator vehicle use (for bike redistribution) is calculated. An
estimate of bike share’s overall contribution to changes in vehicle
kilometres traveled is made. Bike share is shown to reduce car use in
all cities included in the analysis, with the exception of London.
Bike share’s effectiveness is dependent on whether it replaces car use.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
31, August 2014, 13–20 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920914000480)
or article
(http://www.sensibletransport.org.au/sites/sensibletransport.org.au/files/Does%20bike%20share%20reduce%20car%20use%3F.pdf)
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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