[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update December 2017

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Thu Dec 21 15:16:10 GMT 2017


* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update December 2017 *

By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative

(Previous edition - November 2017:  
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2017-November/000120.html)

(Index for previous issues:  
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)

*CONTENTS*

1) Impact of London's road traffic air and noise pollution on birth  
weight: retrospective population based cohort study

2) Pregnancy and Lifetime Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and  
Infant Mortality in Massachusetts, 2001–2007

3) Cause-specific stillbirth and exposure to chemical constituents and  
sources of fine particulate matter

4) Association between particulate matter concentration and symptoms  
of atopic dermatitis in children living in an industrial urban area of  
South Korea

5) Traffic-related air pollution and childhood obesity in an Italian  
birth cohort

6) Tackling the mortality from long-term exposure to outdoor air  
pollution in megacities: Lessons from the Greater Cairo case study

7) Associations of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with  
emergency ambulance calls for the exacerbation of essential arterial  
hypertension

8) Including health in environmental impact assessments of three mega  
transport projects in Sydney, Australia: A critical, institutional,  
analysis

9) The potential health, financial and environmental impacts of  
dieselgate in Ireland

10) Exposure to traffic-generated air pollutants mediates alterations  
in brain microvascular integrity in wildtype mice on a high-fat diet

11) The Importance of Clean Air in Education

12) The variability of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in selected  
Polish agglomerations: the role of meteorological conditions, 2006–2016

13) Potential for Bias When Estimating Critical Windows for Air  
Pollution in Children’s Health

- o -


1) Impact of London's road traffic air and noise pollution on birth  
weight: retrospective population based cohort study

Rachel B Smith, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Sean D Beevers, David  
Dajnak, Marta Blangiardo, Rebecca E Ghosh, Anna L Hansell, Frank J  
Kelly, H Ross Anderson, Mireille B Toledano

The findings suggest that air pollution from road traffic in London is  
adversely affecting fetal growth. The results suggest little evidence  
for an independent exposure-response effect of traffic related noise  
on birth weight outcomes.

BMJ 2017; 359 - read article (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5299)

- o -

2) Pregnancy and Lifetime Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and  
Infant Mortality in Massachusetts, 2001–2007

Ji-Young Son, Hyung Joo Lee, Petros Koutrakis, Michelle L Bell

We did not observe a statistically significant relationship between  
gestational exposure and mortality. Our findings provide supportive  
evidence that lifetime exposure to PM2.5 increases risk of infant  
mortality.

American Journal of Epidemiology 186:11, 1 December 2017, 1268–1276 -  
read article (https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx015)

- o -

3) Cause-specific stillbirth and exposure to chemical constituents and  
sources of fine particulate matter

Keita Ebisu, Brian Malig, Sina Hasheminassab, Constantinos Sioutas, Rupa Basu
Explored associations between cause-specific stillbirth and PM2.5  
sources. Gestational age-adjusted exposure was estimated in nested  
case-control study design. Different causes of stillbirth were  
associated with different pollutants. Highlighted the importance of  
investigating cause-specific stillbirth.

Environmental Research 160, January 2018, 358-364 - read abstract  
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.015)

- o -

4) Association between particulate matter concentration and symptoms  
of atopic dermatitis in children living in an industrial urban area of  
South Korea

Inbo Oh, Jiho Lee, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim, Young-Min Kim, Chang Sun  
Sim, Yangho Kim

Twenty-one children were observed daily for atopic dermatitis (AD)  
symptoms with PM measurement. PM exposure was significantly associated  
with the exacerbation of AD symptoms. PM2.5 had a stronger effect than  
PM10 on exacerbation of AD symptoms.

Environmental Research 160, January 2018, 462-468 - read abstract  
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.030)

- o -

5) Traffic-related air pollution and childhood obesity in an Italian  
birth cohort

Sara Fioravanti, Giulia Cesaroni, Chiara Badaloni, Paola Michelozzi,  
Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Porta

Few studies analyse the association between air pollution and children  
BMI. We modelled traffic-related air pollution with land-use  
regression models. Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) has been used  
to control for selection bias. No association was found between  
pollutants and ponderal excess parameters.

Environmental Research 160, January 2018, 479-486 - read abstract  
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.003)

- o -

6) Tackling the mortality from long-term exposure to outdoor air  
pollution in megacities: Lessons from the Greater Cairo case study

Ali Wheida, Amira Nasser, Mostafa El Nazer, Agnes Borbon, Gehad A.Abo  
El Ata, Magdy Abdel Wahab, Stephane C.Alfaro

Mortality due to long-term exposure to air pollution in Greater Cairo  
is estimated.

Air-suspended matter (PM2.5) is the most severe problem. At least from  
10240 to 15930 people die each year of exposure to PM2.5. From 7850 to  
10470 die of exposure to NO2.

Environmental Research 160, January 2018, 223-231 - read abstract  
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.09.028)

- o -

7) Associations of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with  
emergency ambulance calls for the exacerbation of essential arterial  
hypertension

Jone Vencloviene, Agne Braziene, Audrius Dedele, Kristina Lopatiene,  
Paulius Dobozinskas

Before noon, the risk was associated with an interquartile range (IQR)  
(7.9 μg/m3) increase in PM10 at lag 2–4 days below the median (RR =  
1.08, p = 0.031) and with an IQR (0.146 mg/m3) increase in CO at lag  
6–7 below the median (RR = 1.05, p = 0.028). During 14:00–21:59, the  
risk was associated with an IQR (18.8 μg/m3) increase in PM10 on the  
previous day below the median (RR = 1.04, p = 0.031). At night, EAC  
were negatively affected by lower O3 (lag 0–2) below the median (per  
IQR decrease RR = 1.10, p = 0.018) and a higher PM10 at lag 0–1 above  
the median for the elderly (RR = 1.07, p = 0.030).

International Journal of Environmental Health Research 27:6 2017  
509-524 - read abstract (https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2017.1405246)

- o -

8) Including health in environmental impact assessments of three mega  
transport projects in Sydney, Australia: A critical, institutional,  
analysis

Patrick Harris, Emily Riley, Peter Sainsbury, Jennifer Kent, Fran Baum

Our institutional analysis provides important knowledge about how the  
EIAs preferenced a focus on specific health risks to the detriment of  
the known broader determinants that shape the health impacts of  
transport.

Environmental Impact Assessment Review 68, January 2018, 109-116 -  
read article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.09.002)

- o -

9) The potential health, financial and environmental impacts of  
dieselgate in Ireland

Shreya Dey, Brian Caulfield, Bidisha Ghosh

NOx emission levels calculated based on laboratory test results,  
on-road measurements and the COPERT 4 model were compared.  
Additionally, NOx emission levels from the defective Volkswagen models  
have been calculated to quantify the effect of the Volkswagen scandal  
on Ireland. Impacts of excess NOx emissions on health and cost have  
also been presented.

Transportation Planning and Technology November 2017 17-36 - read  
abstract (https://doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2018.1402743)

- o -

10) Exposure to traffic-generated air pollutants mediates alterations  
in brain microvascular integrity in wildtype mice on a high-fat diet

Usa Suwannasual, Jo Ann Lucero, Jacob D. McDonald, Amie K.Lund

Exposure to vehicle emissions alters BBB permeability in high-fat-fed  
C57BL/6 mice. Vehicle emission exposures exacerbate oxLDL levels in  
animals on a high-fat diet. Alterations in neurovascular integrity are  
associated with increased oxLDL receptors. Exposures result in reduced  
TJ protein expression associated with MMP-2/9 activity.

Environmental Research 160, January 2018, 449-461 - read abstract  
(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.029)

- o -

11) The Importance of Clean Air in Education

Lewis Koch

Nowhere is clean air more important than in education. Children are  
particularly prone to the effects of poor air quality and education is  
crucial for the young to improve their chances in life. It is  
imperative they are given every opportunity to succeed and are not  
held back by issues out of their control, of which, unclean air is a  
major one. Because of the fact that we spend, on average, around 90%  
of our time indoors (a number which has been on the increase for the  
past half century), it is more important now than ever before that the  
quality of the air we breathe in is of a sufficiently high enough level.

Envirotech blog February 2017 - read article  
(https://www.envirotec.co.uk/blog/importance-of-clean-air-education/)

- o -


12) The variability of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in selected  
Polish agglomerations: the role of meteorological conditions, 2006–2016

Joanna Jędruszkiewicz, Bartosz Czernecki, Michał Marosz

In winter, the meteorological conditions unfavourable to the  
pollutant’s dispersion comprise: high-pressure systems, stable  
equilibrium in the atmosphere and limited turbulence occur quite often  
together with low wind speed and reduced height of the planetary  
boundary layer.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research 27:6 2017  
441-462 - read abstract (https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2017.1379055)

- o -

13) Potential for Bias When Estimating Critical Windows for Air  
Pollution in Children’s Health

Ander Wilson, Yueh-Hsiu, Mathilda Chiu, Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu, Robert O  
Wright, Rosalind J Wright, Brent A Coull

Analysis of body mass index z score and fat mass in the same cohort  
highlighted inconsistent estimates from the 3 methods.

American Journal of Epidemiology 186:11, 1 December 2017, 1281–1289 -  
read article (https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx184)

- o -

----------------------------------------------------------

Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality  
of Life Initiative

10 Montgomery Terrace Road

Sheffield S6 3BU

Tel. 0114 285 9931

Fax 0114 278 7173

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