[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update November 2015
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* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update November 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - October 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2016-January/000092.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Residential exposure to traffic noise and risk for non-hodgkin
lymphoma among adults
2) Lung Cancer and Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Traffic: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
3) Ambient PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Exposures and Associations with
Mortality over 16 Years of Follow-Up in the Canadian Census Health and
Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)
4) Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospital Admissions in the
Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999-2010
5) Satellite-Based Estimates of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particles
and Association with Mortality in Elderly Hong Kong Residents
6) Spatial Variation and Land Use Regression Modeling of the Oxidative
Potential of Fine Particles
7) Understanding the Health Impacts of Air Pollution in London
For: Transport for London and the Greater London Authority
By: Heather Walton, David Dajnak, Sean Beevers, Martin Williams, Paul
Watkiss, Alistair Hunt
8) Association of air pollution with cognitive functions and its
modification by APOE gene variants in elderly women
9) Association of air pollution with cognitive functions and its
modification by APOE gene variants in elderly women
10) Comparison of four case-crossover study designs to analyze the
association between air pollution exposure and acute myocardial
infarction
11) Triggering of myocardial infarction by increased ambient fine
particle concentration: Effect modification by source direction
12) Long term effects of residential NOx exposure on total and
cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a
Swedish cohort
13) Assessing responses of cardiovascular mortality to particulate
matter air pollution for pre-, during- and post-2008 Olympics periods
14) Does urban land-use increase risk of asthma symptoms?
15) Relationships between mild PM10 and ozone urban air levels and
spontaneous abortion: clues for primary prevention
16) Ambient Air Pollution and Newborn Size and Adiposity at Birth:
Differences by Maternal Ethnicity (the Born in Bradford Study Cohort)
17) Modeling spatial effects of PM2.5 on term low birth weight in Los
Angeles County
18) Associations between exposure to ambient benzene and PM2.5 during
pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects in offspring
19) Association between prenatal exposure to traffic-related air
pollution and preterm birth in the PELAGIE mother–child cohort,
Brittany, France. Does the urban–rural context matter?
20) Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian
commutes in Barcelona
21) Reducing global health risks through mitigation of short-lived
climate pollutants. Scoping report for policymakers
22) Socio-Economic Status and Inequalities in Exposure to
Transportation Noise in Hong Kong
23) The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air
pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study
24) Bus Rapid Transit System in Istanbul: A Success Story or Flawed
Planning Decision?
25) TfL Euro 6 emission standard testing
26) Diesel cars have high emissions in real traffic
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1) Residential exposure to traffic noise and risk for non-hodgkin
lymphoma among adults
Mette Sørensen, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Matthias Ketzel, Susanne Oksbjerg
Dalton, Søren Friis, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Traffic noise induced sleep disturbance and stress may impair the
immune system. Impaired immune system is a well-known risk factor for
non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A nationwide case–control study with historical,
residential modeling of traffic noise. We report high road traffic
noise to be associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 61–65 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115001917)
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2) Lung Cancer and Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Traffic: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ghassan B. Hamra, Francine Laden, Aaron J. Cohen, Ole
Raaschou-Nielsen, Michael Brauer, Dana Loomis
We found consistent evidence of a relationship between NO2, as a proxy
for traffic-sourced air pollution exposure, with lung cancer. Studies
of lung cancer related to residential proximity to roadways and NOx
also suggest increased risk, which may be attributable partly to air
pollution exposure. The International Agency for Research on Cancer
recently classified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter as
carcinogenic (Group 1). These meta-analyses support this conclusion,
drawing particular attention to traffic-sourced air pollution.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408882 -read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408882/)
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3) Ambient PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Exposures and Associations with
Mortality over 16 Years of Follow-Up in the Canadian Census Health and
Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)
Dan L. Crouse, Paul A. Peters, Perry Hystad, Jeffrey R. Brook, Aaron
van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Paul J. Villeneuve, Michael Jerrett,
Mark S. Goldberg, C. Arden Pope III, Michael Brauer, Robert D. Brook,
Alain Robichaud, Richard Menard, Richard T. Burnett
In this large, national-level cohort, we found positive associations
between several common causes of death and exposure to PM2.5, O3, and
NO2.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1409276 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/14-09276/)
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4) Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospital Admissions in the
Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999-2010
Helen Powell, Jenna R. Krall, Yun Wang, Michelle L. Bell, Roger D. Peng
We found statistically significant evidence that daily variation in
PM10–2.5 is associated with emergency hospitalizations for
cardiovascular diseases among Medicare enrollees ≥ 65 years of age.
This association was robust to adjustment for concentrations of PM2.5.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408720 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408720/)
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5) Satellite-Based Estimates of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particles
and Association with Mortality in Elderly Hong Kong Residents
Chit Ming Wong, Hak Kan Lai, Hilda Tsang, Thuan Quoc Thach, G. Neil
Thomas, Kin Bong Hubert Lam, King Pan Chan, Lin Yang, Alexis K.H. Lau,
Jon G. Ayres, Siu Yin Lee, Wai Man Chan, Anthony J. Hedley, Tai Hing Lam
Our methods in using NASA satellite data provide a readily accessible
and affordable approach to estimation of a sufficient range of
individual PM2.5 exposures in a single city. This approach can expand
the capacity to conduct environmental accountability studies in areas
with few measurements of fine particles.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408264 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408264/)
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6) Spatial Variation and Land Use Regression Modeling of the Oxidative
Potential of Fine Particles
Aileen Yang, Meng Wang, Marloes Eeftens, Rob Beelen, Evi Dons, Daan
L.A.C. Leseman, Bert Brunekreef, Flemming R. Cassee, Nicole A.H.
Janssen, Gerard Hoek
LUR models explained a large fraction of the spatial variation of the
two OP metrics. The moderate correlations among the predictions of
OPDTT, OPESR, and PM2.5 models offer the potential to investigate
which metric is the strongest predictor of health effects.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408916 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408916/)
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7) Understanding the Health Impacts of Air Pollution in London
For: Transport for London and the Greater London Authority
By: Heather Walton, David Dajnak, Sean Beevers, Martin Williams, Paul
Watkiss, Alistair Hunt
The estimated economic costs of the health impacts ranged from £1.4
billion (long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality; short-term
exposure to PM2.5 and hospital admissions; short-term exposure to NO2
and both deaths brought forward and hospital admissions) to £3.7
billion (replacing short-term exposure to NO2 and deaths brought
forward with long-term exposure to NO2 and mortality). Inclusion of
other less well established health outcomes would increase the
economic costs although this has not been estimated in this report.
Environmental Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s
College London, 2015, 129pp - read report
(http://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/HIAinLondon_KingsReport_14072015_final_0.pdf)
- o -
9) Association of air pollution with cognitive functions and its
modification by APOE gene variants in elderly women
Tamara Schikowski, Mohammad Vossoughi, Andrea Vierkötter, Thomas
Schulte, Tom Teichert, Dorothee Sugiri, Karin Fehsel, Lilian Tzivian,
Il-seok Bae, Ulrich Ranft, Barbara Hoffmann, Nicole Probst-Hensch,
Christian Herder, Ursula Krämer, Christian Luckhaus
Air pollution affects cognitive performance in elderly women. Air
pollution was negatively associated with cognitive performance. The
association with traffic load was significant in carriers of ApoE ɛ4
risk alleles
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, Pges 10–16 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001393511500184X)
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10) Comparison of four case-crossover study designs to analyze the
association between air pollution exposure and acute myocardial
infarction
Philippe Collart, Yves Coppieters, Gwenaelle Mercier, Victoria
Massamba Kubuta, Alain Leveque
The results of this study reinforce the evidence of the acute effects
of air pollution on AMI, especially during the warm season. This study
suggests that the different methods of case-crossover study design are
suitable to studying the association between acute events and air
pollution. The temperature-stratified design is useful to exclude
temperature as a potential confounder.
International Journal of Environmental Health Research 25,6 2015
601-613 - read abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09603123.2014.1003037)
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11) Triggering of myocardial infarction by increased ambient fine
particle concentration: Effect modification by source direction
Philip K. Hopke, Cathleen Kane, Mark J. Utell, David C. Chalupa,
Pramod Kumar, Frederick Ling, Blake Gardner, David Q. Rich
Evaluated if PM2.5/STEMI association was modified by cardinal wind
direction. Wind arriving from WSW significantly increased the
PM2.5/STEMI association. No other direction modified the effect of
PM2.5 on inducing a STEMI. The WSW direction is associated with
emissions that may form secondary PM.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 374–379 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115300098)
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12) Long term effects of residential NOx exposure on total and
cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a
Swedish cohort
Leo Stockfelt, Eva M. Andersson, Peter Molnár, Annika Rosengren, Lars
Wilhelmsen, Gerd Sallsten, Lars Barregard
We have studied the effects of long term residential NOx exposure over
35 years. Effects for different exposure time windows have been
compared. Air quality improved substantially over the study period.
Long term residential NOx exposure was associated with increased
all-cause mortality. Effects were similar for last year’s NOx exposure
and longer exposure windows.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 197–206 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115300190)
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13) Assessing responses of cardiovascular mortality to particulate
matter air pollution for pre-, during- and post-2008 Olympics periods
Chang Su, Regina Hampel, Ulrich Franck, Alfred Wiedensohler, Josef
Cyrys, Xiaochuan Pan, H-Erich Wichmann, Annette Peters, Alexandra
Schneider, Susanne Breitner
Adverse effects of air pollutants on CVD mortality for lag 1 and 5-day
average. Stronger effects in females, the elderly and for
cerebrovascular mortality. All measured air pollutants strongly
decreased during 2008 Beijing Olympics. Decreased air pollution during
Olympics led to a risk reduction for CVD mortality. Even short air
pollution reduction measures can quickly lead to health benefits.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 112–122 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115002005)
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14) Does urban land-use increase risk of asthma symptoms?
Ji-Young Son, Ho Kim, Michelle L. Bell
Urban land-use was significantly associated with asthma symptoms and
diagnosis. Increased urbanicity showed higher risk for those with
baseline of low urbanicity. Findings confirmed associations between
traffic-related air pollutants and asthma.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 309–318 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115300153)
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15) Relationships between mild PM10 and ozone urban air levels and
spontaneous abortion: clues for primary prevention
Agostino Di Ciaula, Massimo Bilancia
The study found spontaneous abortion occurrence is affected by PM10
(particularly if industrial areas are present) and ozone
concentrations, also at levels below the legal limits. Thus, SAB might
be considered, at least in part, a preventable condition.
International Journal of Environmental Health Research 25,6 2015
640-655 - read abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09603123.2014.1003041)
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16) Ambient Air Pollution and Newborn Size and Adiposity at Birth:
Differences by Maternal Ethnicity (the Born in Bradford Study Cohort)
Anna Schembari, Kees de Hoogh, Marie Pedersen, Payam Dadvand, David
Martinez, Gerard Hoek, Emily S. Petherick, John Wright, Mark J.
Nieuwenhuijsen
Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with
newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani
origin infants.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408675 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408675/)
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17) Modeling spatial effects of PM2.5 on term low birth weight in Los
Angeles County
Eric Coker, Jokay Ghosh, Michael Jerrett, Virgilio Gomez-Rubio,
Bernardo Beckerman, Myles Cockburn, Silvia Liverani, Jason Su, Arthur
Li, Molly L Kile, Beate Ritz, John Molitor
We model the spatial dependency of PM2.5 effects on term low birth
weight (TLBW). PM2.5 effects on TLBW are shown to vary spatially
across urban LA County. Modeling spatial dependency of PM2.5 health
effects may identify effect 'hotspots'. Birth outcomes studies should
consider the spatial dependency of PM2.5 effects.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 354–364 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115300207)
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18) Associations between exposure to ambient benzene and PM2.5 during
pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects in offspring
Jean Paul Tanner, Jason L. Salemi, Amy L. Stuart, Haofei Yu, Melissa
M. Jordan, Chris DuClos, Philip Cavicchia, Jane A. Correia, Sharon M.
Watkins, Russell S. Kirby
We investigate the risk of birth defects following exposure to benzene
and PM2.5. Overall all analyses, we found little evidence of
associations. High levels of PM2.5 were associated with an increased
risk of selected heart defects. High levels of benzene were associated
with an increased risk cleft palate alone.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 345–353 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001393511530027X)
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19) Association between prenatal exposure to traffic-related air
pollution and preterm birth in the PELAGIE mother–child cohort,
Brittany, France. Does the urban–rural context matter?
Mélanie Bertin, Cécile Chevrier, Tania Serrano, Christine Monfort,
Florence Rouget, Sylvaine Cordier, Jean-François Viel
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may influence preterm birth
(PTB). An increased risk was found with NO2 exposure among women
living in urban areas. Statistically significant risk of PTB was shown
for NO2 concentrations ≥16.4 µg/m3. No association was observed among
women living in rural counterparts. Pollutant mixture and psychosocial
factors may explain this urban/rural difference.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 17–24 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115001802)
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20) Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian
commutes in Barcelona
Teresa Moreno, Cristina Reche, Ioar Rivas, Maria Cruz Minguillón,
Vânia Martins, Concepción Vargas, Giorgio Buonanno, Jesus Parga, Marco
Pandolfi, Mariola Brines, Marina Ealo, Ana Sofia Fonseca, Fulvio
Amato, Garay Sosa, Marta Capdevila, Eladio de Miguel, Xavier Querol,
Wes Gibbons
Big differences in the aerosols inhaled in bus, subway, tram and
walking journeys. Particle number concentration is lowest in subway
trains and highest in diesel bus. City centre traffic crossings show
particle transient peaks >1×105 part./cm3. Tram is the cleanest form
of city public transport when compared to bus and subway. Subway
particles are rich in Fe–Mn, and diesel bus particles are richer in
Sb–Cu.
Environmental Research 142, October 2015, 495–510 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115300426)
- o -
21) Reducing global health risks through mitigation of short-lived
climate pollutants. Scoping report for policymakers
Noah Scovronick
Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), including black carbon,
methane, and ozone, are responsible for a substantial fraction of
climate change as well as for a significant proportion of
air-pollution related deaths and diseases that kill some 7 million
people per year.
Reducing emissions of SLCPs can provide health benefits in three key ways:
* directly from reduced air pollution and related ill-health;
* indirectly from reduced ozone and black carbon effects on extreme
weather and agricultural production (affecting food security);
* and from other types of health benefits that are not associated with
air pollution but may accrue as a result of certain SLCP mitigation
actions, such as improved diets or more opportunities for safe active
travel and physical activity.
World Health Organization, 2015, 148pp - read report
(http://www.who.int/phe/publications/climate-reducing-health-risks/en/)
- o -
22) Socio-Economic Status and Inequalities in Exposure to
Transportation Noise in Hong Kong
Kin-che Lam, Pak-Kin Chan
The results provide evidence for environmental inequality in Hong
Kong, showing that noise exposure is weakly but significantly
correlated to education attainment and income. Significant differences
in socio-economic indicators are also observed among residents of
different housing types associated with different time periods.
Residents less exposed to road traffic noise are generally in newer
buildings, wealthier and better educated.
Open Environmental Sciences Journal, 2008, 2: 107-113 - read article
(http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOENVIRJ/TOENVIRJ-2-107.pdf)
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23) The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air
pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study
Melinda C Power, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Jaime E Hart, Olivia
I Okereke, Francine Laden, Marc G Weisskopf
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with high
symptoms of anxiety, with more recent exposures potentially more
relevant than more distant exposures. Research evaluating whether
reductions in exposure to ambient PM2.5 would reduce the population
level burden of clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety is warranted.
BMJ 2015;350:h1111 - read article (http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h1111)
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24) Bus Rapid Transit System in Istanbul: A Success Story or Flawed
Planning Decision?
Ela Babalik-Sutcliffe, Elif Can Cengiz
The analysis confirms the success of the system in terms of passenger
statistics, but also highlights a number of problems in certain
planning decisions that should be addressed, thus taking the
discussion beyond a simplified comparison of bus and rail technologies.
Transport Reviews 35,6 2015 792-813 - read abstract (http://
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01441647.2015.1059381)
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25) TfL Euro 6 emission standard testing
As part of our efforts to develop the Ultra Low Emission Zone, TfL
have tested the effectiveness of Euro 6/VI vehicle emissions behaviour
in ‘real-life’ on a number of cars and goods vehicles. Testing was
undertaken using a set of laboratory drive cycles that mimic the
velocities and accelerations of vehicles in urban driving conditions.
Transport for London 2015 - read report
(https://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/environment/clearing-londons-air/euro-6-emissions)
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26) Diesel cars have high emissions in real traffic
Emission measurements conducted by TØI in in collaboration with VTT in
Finland show that new Euro 6 cars with diesel engines are struggling
with too high NOx emissions in real traffic. After Volkswagen has
admitted cheating in emission tests in the United States by making its
cars appear more environmentally friendly than they are, our study is
no less relevant for a European context.
Institute of Transport Economics, Norwegian Centre for Transport
Research - read English summaries
(https://www.toi.no/environment-and-climate/diesel-cars-have-high-emissions-in-real-traffic-article33388-1314.html)
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----------------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
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