[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update January 2016
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Fri Feb 5 19:33:08 GMT 2016
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update January 2016 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - December 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2016-January/000094.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Human health effects of air pollution
2) Short-term metal particulate exposures decrease cardiac
acceleration and deceleration capacities in welders: a
repeated-measures panel study
3) Long-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust induces primary DNA
damage: a population-based study
4) Low-Concentration PM2.5 and Mortality: Estimating Acute and Chronic
Effects in a Population-Based Study
5) Vehicular Traffic–Related Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure
and Breast Cancer Incidence: The Long Island Breast Cancer Study
Project (LIBCSP)
6) Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in
the Northeastern United States
7) Does Exposure to Traffic Affect Mechanisms of Vascular Injury and Repair?
8) Residential Proximity to Major Roadways Is Associated With
Increased Levels of AC133+ Circulating Angiogenic Cells
9) Reduction personal exposure to black carbon during commuting in
London - A feasibility study
10) Short term effect of air pollution, noise and heat waves on
preterm births in Madrid (Spain)
11) Effects of particulate matter exposure on multiple sclerosis
hospital admission in Lombardy region, Italy
12) Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5
exposure and coronary artery disease
13) A CFD study on the effectiveness of trees to disperse road traffic
emissions at a city scale
14) Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives
15) Weeding Out Risk Factors? Study Reports No Association between
Prenatal Air Pollution and Autism
16) Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood Autistic
Traits in Four European Population-Based Cohort Studies: The ESCAPE
Project
17) Elemental Constituents of Particulate Matter and Newborn’s Size in
Eight European Cohorts
18) The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and
the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction
19) Beyond a One-Time Scandal: Europe’s Ongoing Diesel Pollution Proble
20) What Can Epidemiological Studies Tell Us about the Impact of
Chemical Mixtures on Human Health?
- o -
1) Human health effects of air pollution
Marilena Kampa , Elias Castanas
Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health,
affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from
minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart
disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and
chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung
disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term
exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced
life expectancy.
Environmental Pollution 151,2 January 2008, 362–367 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749107002849)
- o -
2) Short-term metal particulate exposures decrease cardiac
acceleration and deceleration capacities in welders: a
repeated-measures panel study
Peter E Umukoro, Jennifer M Cavallari, Shona C Fang, Chensheng Lu,
Xihong Lin, Murray A Mittleman, David C Christiani
Acceleration (AC) and deceleration (DC) capacities measure heart rate
variability during speeding up and slowing down of the heart,
respectively. We investigated associations between AC and DC with
occupational short-term metal PM2.5 exposures. There are short-term
effects of metal particulates on AC and DC.
Occup Environ Med 2016;73:91-96 - read article
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/73/2/91.full)
- o -
3) Long-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust induces primary DNA
damage: a population-based study
Huawei Duan, Xiaowei Jia, Qingfeng Zhai, Lu Ma, Shan Wang, Chuanfeng
Huang, Haisheng Wang, Yong Niu, Xue Li, Yufei Dai, Shanfa Yu, Weimin
Gao, Wen Chen, Yuxin Zheng
These findings suggest that Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure
mainly induces DNA damage, which might be used as an early biomarker
for risk assessment of DEE exposure.
Occup Environ Med 2016;73:83-90 - read abstract
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/73/2/83.abstract?etoc)
- o -
4) Low-Concentration PM2.5 and Mortality: Estimating Acute and Chronic
Effects in a Population-Based Study
Liuhua Shi, Antonella Zanobetti, Itai Kloog, Brent A. Coull, Petros
Koutrakis, Steven J. Melly, Joel D. Schwartz
Using a mutually adjusted model, we estimated significant acute and
chronic effects of PM2.5 exposure below the current U.S. EPA
standards. These findings suggest that improving air quality with even
lower PM2.5 than currently allowed by U.S. EPA standards may benefit
public health.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1409111 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1409111/)
- o -
5) Vehicular Traffic–Related Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure
and Breast Cancer Incidence: The Long Island Breast Cancer Study
Project (LIBCSP)
Irina Mordukhovich, Jan Beyea, Amy H. Herring, Maureen Hatch, Steven
D. Stellman, Susan L. Teitelbaum, David B. Richardson, Robert C.
Millikan, Lawrence S. Engel, Sumitra Shantakumar, Susan E. Steck,
Alfred I. Neugut, Pavel Rossner Jr., Regina M. Santella, Marilie D.
Gammon
In our population-based study, we observed positive associations
between vehicular traffic-related B[a]P exposure and breast cancer
incidence among women with comparatively high long-term traffic B[a]P
exposures, although effect estimates were imprecise.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307736 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307736/)
- o -
6) Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in
the Northeastern United States
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Joel D. Schwartz, Marc G. Weisskopf,
Steven J. Melly, Yun Wang, Francesca Dominici, Antonella Zanobetti
To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship
between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and time to first hospitalization
for common neurodegenerative diseases. We found strong evidence of
association for all three outcomes. Our findings provide the basis for
further studies, as the implications of such exposures could be
crucial to public health.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408973 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408973/)
- o -
7) Does Exposure to Traffic Affect Mechanisms of Vascular Injury and Repair?
Mark R. Miller, Nicholas L. Mills, David E. Newby
Estimates of the health effects of air pollution are alarming, with up
to 7 million attributable deaths worldwide each year.1–3 Although the
pulmonary effects of air pollution are widely recognized, it is only
in the last few decades that the adverse cardiovascular effects of air
pollution have become apparent. Exposures to diesel exhaust, a
prominent source of urban air pollution and a pollutant rich in
combustion-derived nanoparticles, has multiple detrimental actions on
the cardiovascular system.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2015; 35: 2266-2268
- read editorial (http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/35/11/2266.full)
- o -
8) Residential Proximity to Major Roadways Is Associated With
Increased Levels of AC133+ Circulating Angiogenic Cells
Natasha DeJarnett, Ray Yeager, Daniel J. Conklin, Jongmin Lee, Timothy
E. O’Toole, James McCracken, Wes Abplanalp, Sanjay Srivastava, Daniel
W. Riggs, Ihab Hamzeh, Stephen Wagner, Atul Chugh, Andrew DeFilippis,
Tiffany Ciszewski, Brad Wyatt, Carrie Becher, Deirdre Higdon, Kenneth
S. Ramos, David J. Tollerud, John A. Myers, Shesh N. Rai, Jasmit Shah,
Nagma Zafar, Sathya S. Krishnasamy, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Aruni Bhatnagar
Living close to a major roadway is associated with elevated levels of
circulating cells positive for the early stem marker AC133+. This may
reflect an increased need for vascular repair. Levels of these cells
in peripheral blood may be a sensitive index of cardiovascular injury
because of residential proximity to roadways.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2015; 35: 2468-2477
- read abstract (http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/35/11/2468)
- o -
9) Reduction personal exposure to black carbon during commuting in
London - A feasibility study
Lee Koh, Abigail Whitehouse, Jonathan Grigg
There was no significant difference in mean exposure between the main
road and Walkit routes. However, there was a significant difference
between the routes for exposure to BC peaks >10,000 ng/m3.
European Respiratory Journal 46 Issue 59 doi
10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA4090 1 September 2015 - read
abstract (http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/46/suppl_59/PA4090)
- o -
10) Short term effect of air pollution, noise and heat waves on
preterm births in Madrid (Spain)
Virginia Arroyo, Julio Díaz, Cristina Ortiz, Rocío Carmona, Marc Sáez,
Cristina Linares
Epidemiologic studies show elevated risks of PTB with environmental
variables. A time-series analysis was performed to assess the short
term impact. PM2.5 and heat waves at lag 1 and noise at lag 0 are
influencing PTB. Exists an acute effect on PTB of the environmental
variables analyzed.
Environmental Research 145, February 2016, 162–168 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115301626)
- o -
11) Effects of particulate matter exposure on multiple sclerosis
hospital admission in Lombardy region, Italy
Laura Angelici, Mirko Piola, Tommaso Cavalleri, Giorgia Randi,
Francesca Cortini, Roberto Bergamaschi, Andrea A Baccarelli, Pier
Alberto Bertazzi, Angela Cecilia Pesatori, Valentina Bollati
We investigated the association between exposure to PM10 and risk of
MS hospitalization. Increasing in PM10 exposure was associated with
higher RR of hospitalization for MS. The maximum effect was found for
Pm10 exposure between days 0 and 7. Air pollution may have a role in
determining MS occurrence and relapses.
Environmental Research 145, February 2016, 68–73 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115301456)
- o -
12) Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5
exposure and coronary artery disease
Laura A. McGuinn, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness, Lucas M. Neas, Alexandra
Schneider, David Diaz-Sanchez, Wayne E. Cascio, William E. Kraus,
Elizabeth Hauser, Elaine Dowdy, Carol Haynes, Alexandra Chudnovsky,
Petros Koutrakis, Robert B. Devlin
Satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure were associated
with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and incidence of myocardial
infarction (MI) in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients.
Environmental Research 145, February 2016, 9–17 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115301249)
- o -
13) A CFD study on the effectiveness of trees to disperse road traffic
emissions at a city scale
A.P.R. Jeanjean, G. Hinchliffe, W.A. McMullan, P.S. Monks, R.J. Leigh
We model the effectiveness of trees at dispersing road traffic
emissions. City scale CFD simulations were performed under the
OpenFOAM software. Trees increase turbulence and vertical velocity at
pedestrian height. Trees reduce concentrations of road traffic
emissions by 7% at pedestrian height. We propose combining local and
regional scales for planting trees in city planning.
Atmospheric Environment 120, November 2015, 1–14 - read article
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101530248X)
- o -
14) Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives
Thomas Götschi, Jan Garrard, Billie Giles-Corti
Based on a large body of evidence, planners, health professionals, and
decision-makers can rest assured that benefits from cycling-related
physical activity are worth pursuing. Safety improvements should be
part of the efforts to promote cycling, both to minimize negative
impacts and to lower barriers to cycling for potential riders.
Transport Reviews 36,1, 2016 Special Issue: Cycling As Transport 45-71
- read article
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01441647.2015.1057877)
- o -
15) Weeding Out Risk Factors? Study Reports No Association between
Prenatal Air Pollution and Autism
Wendee Nicole
The study examines the issue of air pollution and autism in a new
approach—looking at autistic traits in prospective cohorts of children
enrolled at birth.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.124-A23 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A23/)
- o -
16) Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood Autistic
Traits in Four European Population-Based Cohort Studies: The ESCAPE
Project
Mònica Guxens, Akhgar Ghassabian, Tong Gong, Raquel Garcia-Esteban,
Daniela Porta, Lise Giorgis-Allemand, Catarina Almqvist, Aritz
Aranbarri, Rob Beelen, Chiara Badaloni, Giulia Cesaroni, Audrey de
Nazelle, Marisa Estarlich, Francesco Forastiere, Joan Forns, Ulrike
Gehring, Jesús Ibarluzea, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Michal Korek, Paul
Lichtenstein, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Marisa Rebagliato, Rémy Slama,
Henning Tiemeier, Frank C. Verhulst, Heather E. Volk, Göran Pershagen,
Bert Brunekreef, Jordi Sunyer
Prenatal exposure to NO2 and PM was not associated with autistic
traits in children from 4 to 10 years of age in four European
population-based birth/child cohort studies.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408483 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408483/)
- o -
17) Elemental Constituents of Particulate Matter and Newborn’s Size in
Eight European Cohorts
Marie Pedersen, Ulrike Gehring, Rob Beelen, Meng Wang, Lise
Giorgis-Allemand, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen, Xavier Basagaña, Claire
Bernard, Marta Cirach, Francesco Forastiere, Kees de Hoogh, Regina
Gražulevičvienė, Olena Gruzieva, Gerard Hoek, Aleksandra Jedynska,
Claudia Klümper, Ingeborg M. Kooter, Ursula Krämer, Jaakko Kukkonen,
Daniela Porta, Dirkje S. Postma, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Lenie van
Rossem, Jordi Sunyer, Mette Sørensen, Ming-Yi Tsai, Tanja G. M.
Vrijkotte, Michael Wilhelm, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Göran Pershagen,
Bert Brunekreef, Manolis Kogevinas, Rémy Slama
Sulfur, reflecting secondary combustion particles in this study, may
adversely affect LBW and head circumference, independently of particle
mass.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1409546 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1409546/)
- o -
18) The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and
the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction
Inka Lusebrink , Robbie D. Girling, Emily Farthing, Tracey A. Newman,
Chris W. Jackson, Guy M. Poppy
The chemically reactive nitrogen oxides fraction of diesel exhaust gas
was identified as capable of causing degradation of floral volatiles.
Journal of Chemical Ecology October 2015, 41.10, 904-912 - read
abstract (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-015-0624-4)
- o -
19) Beyond a One-Time Scandal: Europe’s Ongoing Diesel Pollution Problem
Charles W. Schmidt
A November 2015 report by the European Environment Agency (EEA)
estimated that 8–12% of Europe’s population is exposed to levels of
NO2 that exceed the World Health Organization’s air quality guideline
of 40 µg/m. The highest levels were measured near highways, where
diesel vehicles contribute about 80% of traffic-related NOx emissions.
Diesel exhaust is also associated with other air pollutants. Among
them are ground-level ozone (O3), which forms when NO2 molecules
interact with oxygen in the presence of sunlight, and fine sooty
particulates measuring 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) in the exhaust stream.
These pollutants can travel deep into the lungs and elevate risks for
DNA damage, heart attacks, and premature death.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.124-A19 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A19/)
- o -
20) What Can Epidemiological Studies Tell Us about the Impact of
Chemical Mixtures on Human Health?
Joseph M. Braun, Chris Gennings, Russ Hauser, Thomas F. Webster
By defining the types of research questions related to chemical
mixtures that epidemiological studies can address, we hope to identify
the gaps in our knowledge and develop or apply appropriate statistical
methods that accurately quantify the impact of chemical mixtures on
human health. In this article, we have chosen to focus on
environmental chemicals, but the three questions we describe naturally
extend to other environmental exposures (e.g., air pollution and
infectious agents), as well as the broader exposome (e.g., stress and
nutrition). By examining chemical mixtures, instead of one chemical at
a time, we may identify risk factors for diseases with environmental
origins and develop more targeted public health interventions.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1510569 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/15-10569/)
- o -
----------------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
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