[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update September 2015
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Tue Oct 27 15:41:36 GMT 2015
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update September 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - August 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2015-September/000089.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Developing Community-Level Policy and Practice to Reduce
Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure
2) Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Noise at School, and Behavioral
Problems in Barcelona Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
3) Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Long-Term Exposure to
Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Middle-Aged Residents of Taiwan: A
Cross-Sectional Study
4) Associations between Long-Term Air Pollutant Exposures and Blood
Pressure in Elderly Residents of Taipei City: A Cross-Sectional Study
5) Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Systemic Inflammation in
Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the European ESCAPE Project
6) In Utero Fine Particle Air Pollution and Placental Expression of
Genes in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway: An
ENVIRONAGE Birth Cohort Study
7) Air Pollution and Lung Function in Dutch Children: A Comparison of
Exposure Estimates and Associations Based on Land Use Regression and
Dispersion Exposure Modeling Approache
8) Exposure to allergen and diesel exhaust particles potentiates
secondary allergen-specific memory responses, promoting asthma
susceptibility
9) Air Pollution in China: Mapping of Concentrations and Sources
10) Air Pollution and Birth Weight: New Clues about a Potential
Critical Window of Exposure
11) Differences in Birth Weight Associated with the 2008 Beijing
Olympics Air Pollution Reduction: Results from a Natural Experiment
12) Association of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Ozone with
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
13) Perinatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Atopy at 1
Year of Age in a Multi-Center Canadian Birth Cohort Study
14) Long-Term Ambient Residential Traffic–Related Exposures and
Measurement Error–Adjusted Risk of Incident Lung Cancer in the
Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer
15) Comment on “Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospital
Admissions in the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999–2010”
16) Using metal ratios to detect emissions from municipal waste
incinerators in ambient air pollution data
- o -
1) Developing Community-Level Policy and Practice to Reduce
Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure
Doug Brugge, Allison P. Patton, Alex Bob, Ellin Reisner, Lydia Lowe,
Oliver-John M. Bright, John L. Durant, Jim Newman, and Wig Zamore
The literature consistently shows associations of adverse
cardiovascular and pulmonary outcomes with residential proximity to
highways and major roadways. Air monitoring shows that trafficrelated
air pollutants (TRAP) are elevated within 200–400 meters of these
roads. Community-level tactics for reducing exposure include the
following: 1) high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA)
filtration; 2) appropriate air-intake locations; 3) sound proofing,
insulation; 4) land-use buffers; 5) vegetation or wall barriers; 6)
street-side trees, hedges and vegetation; 7) decking over highways; 8)
urban design including placement of buildings; 9) garden and park
locations; and 10) active-travel locations, including bicycling and
walking paths. A multidisciplinary design charrette was held to test
the feasibility of incorporating these tactics into near-highway
housing and school developments that were in the planning stages. The
resulting designs successfully utilized many of the protective tactics
and also led to engagement with the designers and developers of the
sites. There is a need to increase awareness of TRAP in terms of
building design and urban planning.
Environmental Justice 8,3 2015 - read article
(http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/env.2015.0007)
- o -
2) Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Noise at School, and Behavioral
Problems in Barcelona Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
Joan Forns, Payam Dadvand, Maria Foraster, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Ioar
Rivas, Mònica López-Vicente, Elisabet Suades-Gonzalez, Raquel
Garcia-Esteban, Mikel Esnaola, Marta Cirach, James Grellier, Xavier
Basagaña, Xavier Querol, Mònica Guxens, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Jordi
Sunyer
In our study population of 7–11 year old children residing in
Barcelona, exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) at
school was associated with more behavioral problems in schoolchildren.
Noise exposure at school was associated with more ADHD symptoms.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1409449 - read
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1409449/#tab1) abstract
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1409449/#tab1)
- o -
3) Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Long-Term Exposure to
Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Middle-Aged Residents of Taiwan: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Ta-Chen Su, Juey-Jen Hwang, Yu-Cheng Shen, Chang-Chuan Chan
Long-term exposures to traffic-related air pollution of PM2.5abs,
PM10, NO2, and NOx were positively associated with subclinical
atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408553 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408553/)
- o -
4) Associations between Long-Term Air Pollutant Exposures and Blood
Pressure in Elderly Residents of Taipei City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Szu-Ying Chen, Chang-Fu Wu, Jui-Huan Lee, Barbara Hoffmann, Annette
Peters, Bert Brunekreef, Da-Chen Chu, Chang-Chuan Chan
One-year exposures to PM10, PM2.5–10, PM2.5 absorbance, and NOx were
associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (BP) in elderly
residents of Taipei.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408771 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408771/)
- o -
5) Air Pollution from Road Traffic and Systemic Inflammation in
Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the European ESCAPE Project
Timo Lanki, Regina Hampel, Pekka Tiittanen, Silke Andrich, Rob Beelen,
Bert Brunekreef, Julia Dratva, Ulf De Faire, Kateryna B. Fuks, Barbara
Hoffmann, Medea Imboden, Pekka Jousilahti, Wolfgang Koenig, Amir A.
Mahabadi, Nino Künzli, Nancy L. Pedersen, Johanna Penell, Göran
Pershagen, Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Emmanuel Schaffner, Christian
Schindler, Dorothea Sugiri, Wim J.R. Swart, Ming-Yi Tsai, Anu W.
Turunen, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Tarja Yli-Tuomi, Annette Peters
Living close to busy traffic was associated with increased C-reactive
protein (CRP concentrations, a known risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases. However, it remains unclear which specific air pollutants
are responsible for the association.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408224 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408224/)
- o -
6) In Utero Fine Particle Air Pollution and Placental Expression of
Genes in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Pathway: An
ENVIRONAGE Birth Cohort Study
Nelly D. Saenen, Michelle Plusquin, Esmée Bijnens, Bram G. Janssen,
Wilfried Gyselaers, Bianca Cox, Frans Fierens, Geert Molenberghs,
Joris Penders, Karen Vrijens, Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot
Developmental processes in the placenta and the fetal brain are shaped
by the same biological signals. Recent evidence suggests that adaptive
responses of the placenta to the maternal environment may influence
central nervous system development. Placental expression of
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and synapsin 1 (SYN1), two
genes implicated in normal neurodevelopmental trajectories, decreased
with increasing in utero exposure to PM2.5. Future studies are needed
to confirm our findings and evaluate the potential relevance of
associations between PM2.5 and placental expression of BDNF and SYN1
on neurodevelopment. We provide the first molecular epidemiological
evidence concerning associations between in utero fine particle air
pollution exposure and the expression of genes that may influence
neurodevelopmental processes.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408549 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408549/)
- o -
7) Air Pollution and Lung Function in Dutch Children: A Comparison of
Exposure Estimates and Associations Based on Land Use Regression and
Dispersion Exposure Modeling Approaches
Meng Wang, Ulrike Gehring, Gerard Hoek, Menno Keuken, Sander Jonkers,
Rob Beelen, Marloes Eeftens, Dirkje S. Postma, Bert Brunekreef
Predictions from land use regression (LUR) and dispersion models
correlated very well for PM2.5, NO2, and PM2.5 soot but not for PM10.
Health effect estimates did not depend on the type of model used to
estimate exposure in a population of Dutch children.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408541 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408541/)
- o -
8) Exposure to allergen and diesel exhaust particles potentiates
secondary allergen-specific memory responses, promoting asthma
susceptibility
Eric B. Brandt, Jocelyn M. Biagini Myers, Thomas H. Acciani, Patrick
H. Ryan, Umasundari Sivaprasad, Brandy Ruff, Grace K. LeMasters, David
I. Bernstein, James E. Lockey, Timothy D. LeCras, Gurjit K. Khurana
Hershey
These findings suggest that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exposure
results in accumulation of allergen-specific TH2/TH17 cells in the
lungs, potentiating secondary allergen recall responses and promoting
the development of allergic asthma.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology August 2015 136,2
295–303.e7 - read abstract
(http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(15)00094-9/abstract)
- o -
9) Air Pollution in China: Mapping of Concentrations and Sources
Robert A. Rohde, Richard A. Muller
China has recently made available hourly air pollution data from over
1500 sites, including airborne particulate matter (PM), SO2, NO2, and
O3. We apply Kriging interpolation to four months of data to derive
pollution maps for eastern China. Consistent with prior findings, the
greatest pollution occurs in the east, but significant levels are
widespread across northern and central China and are not limited to
major cities or geologic basins. Sources of pollution are widespread,
but are particularly intense in a northeast corridor that extends from
near Shanghai to north of Beijing. During our analysis period, 92% of
the population of China experienced >120 hours of unhealthy air (US
EPA standard), and 38% experienced average concentrations that were
unhealthy. China’s population-weighted average exposure to PM2.5 was
52 μg/m3. The observed air pollution is calculated to contribute to
1.6 million deaths/year in China [0.7–2.2 million deaths/year at 95%
confidence], roughly 17%
of all deaths in China.
PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135749. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135749 - read
article
(http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0135749)
- o -
10) Air Pollution and Birth Weight: New Clues about a Potential
Critical Window of Exposure
Nancy Averett
Researchers have previously reported associations between exposure to
air pollution during pregnancy and decreased birth weights. However,
in any given location there is usually very little variation in air
pollutant concentrations over short time periods, barring events such
as wildfires and other seasonally influenced sources of pollution. It
has therefore been difficult to pinpoint a particular window of time
during gestation when an exposed fetus might be particularly
susceptible to air pollutants. In this issue of EHP, investigators
report findings on birth weight arising from a unique research
opportunity: the temporary decline in air pollution during the 47 days
comprising the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.123-A242 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/123-A242/)
- o -
11) Differences in Birth Weight Associated with the 2008 Beijing
Olympics Air Pollution Reduction: Results from a Natural Experiment
David Q. Rich, Kaibo Liu, Jinliang Zhang, Sally W. Thurston, Timothy
P. Stevens, Ying Pan, Cathleen Kane, Barry Weinberger, Pamela
Ohman-Strickland, Tracey J. Woodruff, Xiaoli Duan, Vanessa
Assibey-Mensah, Junfeng Zhang
Short-term decreases in air pollution late in pregnancy in Beijing
during the 2008 Summer Olympics, a normally heavily polluted city,
were associated with higher birth weight.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408795 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408795/)
- o -
12) Association of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Ozone with
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hui Hu, Sandie Ha, Barron H. Henderson, Tamara D. Warner, Jeffrey
Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu
This population-based study suggests that exposure to air pollution
during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Florida, USA.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408456 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408456/)
- o -
13) Perinatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Atopy at 1
Year of Age in a Multi-Center Canadian Birth Cohort Study
Hind Sbihi, Ryan W. Allen, Allan Becker, Jeffrey R. Brook, Piush
Mandhane, James A. Scott, Malcolm R. Sears, Padmaja Subbarao, Tim K.
Takaro, Stuart E. Turvey, Michael Brauer
Using refined exposure estimates that incorporated temporal
variability and residential mobility, we found that traffic-related
air pollution during the first year of life was associated with atopy.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408700 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408700/)
- o -
14) Long-Term Ambient Residential Traffic–Related Exposures and
Measurement Error–Adjusted Risk of Incident Lung Cancer in the
Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer
Jaime E. Hart, Donna Spiegelman, Rob Beelen, Gerard Hoek, Bert
Brunekreef, Leo J. Schouten, Piet van den Brandt
These findings add support to a growing body of literature on the
effects of air pollution on lung cancer. In addition, they highlight
variation in measurement error by pollutant and support the
implementation of measurement error corrections when possible.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408762 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408762/)
- o -
15) Comment on “Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospital
Admissions in the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 1999–2010”
Eduardo Hernández-Garduño
Recent climate change studies also have shown an association between
weather variables and cardiorespiratory mortality. A recent
multicounty/multicity study in Northeast Asia by Chung et al. (2015)
found that extreme ambient temperatures were associated with
cardiorespiratory mortality after adjusting for atmospheric pressure,
relative humidity, and air pollution data. An interesting finding in
this study was the decrease of cold effect on mortality by 2.36% (95%
CI: −4.27, −0.45) associated with an increase in the interquartile
range of annual average daily mean atmospheric pressure.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1510123 - read letter
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1510123/)
- o -
16) Using metal ratios to detect emissions from municipal waste
incinerators in ambient air pollution data
Anna Font, Kees de Hoogh, Maria Leal-Sanchez, Danielle C. Ashworth,
Richard J.C. Brown, Anna L. Hansell, Gary W. Fuller
Metal ratios used to fingerprint emissions from UK municipal waste
incinerators (including Sheffield). Weekly ambient metals data and
high-resolved met data were used. No evidence of incinerator emissions
within 10 km around four installations. Ambient metal ratios agreeing
with emissions in sites within 10 km of two plants. Plume grounding
detected for less than 0.2% of the time, contributing little to PM.
Atmospheric Environment 113, July 2015, 177–186 - read article
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231015300753)
- o -
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
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