[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update June 2015
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Tue Jul 28 19:10:00 BST 2015
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update June 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - May 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2015-June/000086.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Willingness to pay to avoid health risks from road-traffic-related
air pollution and noise across five countries
2) Ambient Air Pollution and Adult Asthma Incidence in Six European
Cohorts (ESCAPE)
3) Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of
Four European Cohort Studies in the ESCAPE Study
4) A Study of the Combined Effects of Physical Activity and Air
Pollution on Mortality in Elderly Urban Residents: The Danish Diet,
Cancer, and Health Cohort
5) Associations of Mortality with Long-Term Exposures to Fine and
Ultrafine Particles, Species and Sources: Results from the California
Teachers Study Cohort
6) Markers of Inflammation and Coagulation after Long-Term Exposure to
Coarse Particulate Matter: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
7) Effects of Ambient Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine Particles and Their
Biological Constituents on Systemic Biomarkers: A Controlled Human
Exposure Study
8) Association of Stillbirth With Ambient Air Pollution in a
California Cohort Study
9) Performance of optimised SCR retrofit buses under urban driving and
controlled conditions
10) Gaseous emissions from a heavy-duty engine equipped with SCR
aftertreatment system and fuelled with diesel and biodiesel:
Assessment of pollutant dispersion and health risk
11) Smoke and Mirrors: How Europe’s biggest polluters became their own
regulators
12) WHO adopts ‘landmark’ resolution on air pollution
13) Higher ambitions needed for NEC
14) Satellite study to look at South Yorkshire air pollution
15) New study to look at impact of car fumes on air pollution in Sheffield
16) Latest Euro 6 diesel car emissions ‘still above limit’
17) Editorial: New NEC directive should clear the air
18) Cities’ air quality efforts ranked
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1) Willingness to pay to avoid health risks from road-traffic-related
air pollution and noise across five countries
Tifanny Istamto, Danny Houthuijs, Erik Lebret
WTP to avoid air pollution and noise effects substantially varied by
country. Risk perceptions and environmental concerns affected WTP
estimates. Perception and concern differences affected between-country
differences in WTP. Air pollution WTP is higher than for noise if only
qualitative information is given. WTP to avoid severe annoyance was
higher than for 1/2 year change in life expectancy.
Science of The Total Environment 497–498, 1 November 2014, 420–429 -
read article
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714011474)
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2) Ambient Air Pollution and Adult Asthma Incidence in Six European
Cohorts (ESCAPE)
Bénédicte Jacquemin, Valérie Siroux, Margaux Sanchez, Anne-Elie
Carsin, Tamara Schikowski, Martin Adam, Valeria Bellisario, Anna
Buschka, Roberto Bono, Bert Brunekreef, Yutong Cai, Marta Cirach,
Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Christophe Declercq, Roberto de Marco,
Audrey de Nazelle, Regina E. Ducret-Stich, Virginia Valeria Ferretti,
Margaret W. Gerbase, Rebecca Hardy, Joachim Heinrich, Christer Janson,
Deborah Jarvis, Zaina Al Kanaani, Dirk Keidel, Diana Kuh, Nicole Le
Moual, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Alessandro Marcon, Lars Modig, Isabelle
Pin, Thierry Rochat, Christian Schindler, Dorothea Sugiri, Morgane
Stempfelet, Sofia Temam, Ming-Yi Tsai, Raphaëlle Varraso, Danielle
Vienneau, Andrea Vierkötter, Anna L. Hansell, Ursula Krämer, Nicole M.
Probst-Hensch, Jordi Sunyer, Nino Künzli, Francine Kauffmann
Results suggest a deleterious effect of ambient air pollution on
asthma incidence in adults. Further research with improved
personal-level exposure assessment (vs. residential exposure
assessment only) and phenotypic characterization is needed.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408206 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408206/)
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3) Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of
Four European Cohort Studies in the ESCAPE Study
Laura Perez, Kathrin Wolf, Frauke Hennig, Johanna Penell, Xavier
Basagaña, Maria Foraster, Inmaculada Aguilera, David Agis, Rob Beelen,
Bert Brunekreef, Josef Cyrys, Kateryna B. Fuks, Martin Adam, Damiano
Baldassarre, Marta Cirach, Roberto Elosua, Julia Dratva, Regina
Hampel, Wolfgang Koenig, Jaume Marrugat, Ulf de Faire, Göran
Pershagen, Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Audrey de Nazelle, Mark J.
Nieuwenhuijsen, Wolfgang Rathmann, Marcela Rivera, Jochen Seissler,
Christian Schindler, Joachim Thiery, Barbara Hoffmann, Annette Peters,
Nino Künzli
Using a standardized exposure and analytical protocol in four European
cohorts, we found that cross-sectional associations between CIMT and
the eight ESCAPE markers of long-term residential air pollution
exposure did not reach statistical significance. The additional
meta-analysis of CIMT and PM2.5 across all published studies also was
positive but not significant.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307711 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307711/)
- o -
4) A Study of the Combined Effects of Physical Activity and Air
Pollution on Mortality in Elderly Urban Residents: The Danish Diet,
Cancer, and Health Cohort
Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Audrey de Nazelle, Michelle Ann Mendez,
Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Ole Hertel, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Ole
Raaschou-Nielsen, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
In general, exposure to high levels of traffic-related air pollution
did not modify associations, indicating beneficial effects of physical
activity on mortality. These novel findings require replication in
other study populations.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408698 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408698/)
- o -
5) Associations of Mortality with Long-Term Exposures to Fine and
Ultrafine Particles, Species and Sources: Results from the California
Teachers Study Cohort
Bart Ostro, Jianlin Hu, Debbie Goldberg, Peggy Reynolds, Andrew Hertz,
Leslie Bernstein, Michael J. Kleeman
Using an emissions-based model with a 4-km spatial scale, we observed
significant positive associations between ischemic heart disease (IHD)
mortality and both fine and ultrafine particle species and sources.
Our results suggest that the exposure model effectively measured local
exposures and facilitated the examination of the relative toxicity of
particle species.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408565 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408565/)
- o -
6) Markers of Inflammation and Coagulation after Long-Term Exposure to
Coarse Particulate Matter: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Sara D. Adar, Jennifer D’Souza, Kari Mendelsohn-Victor, David R.
Jacobs Jr., Mary Cushman, Lianne Sheppard, Peter S. Thorne, Gregory L.
Burke, Martha L. Daviglus, Adam A. Szpiro, Ana V. Diez Roux, Joel D.
Kaufman, Timothy V. Larson
Our cross-sectional analysis provided some evidence that long-term
PM10–2.5 exposure was associated with inflammation and coagulation,
but associations were modest and depended on particle composition.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1308069 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1308069/)
- o -
7) Effects of Ambient Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine Particles and Their
Biological Constituents on Systemic Biomarkers: A Controlled Human
Exposure Study
Ling Liu, Bruce Urch, Raymond Poon, Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz, Mary
Speck, Diane R. Gold, Amanda J. Wheeler, James A. Scott, Jeffrey R.
Brook, Peter S. Thorne, Frances S. Silverman
Ambient particles with various sizes/constituents may influence
systemic biomarkers differently. Endotoxin in ambient particles may
contribute to vascular mediator changes and oxidative stress.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408387 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408387/)
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8) Association of Stillbirth With Ambient Air Pollution in a
California Cohort Study
Rochelle Green, Varada Sarovar, Brian Malig, Rupa Basu
These ozone and nitrogen dioxide findings were fairly stable after
adjustment in 2-pollutant models. However, adjustment for nitrogen
dioxide attenuated the full-pregnancy–particulate matter relationship.
No significant associations were found for sulfur dioxide or carbon
monoxide. These findings support growing evidence of an association
between air pollution and adverse birth outcomes.
Am. J. Epidemiol. (2015) 181 (11): 874-882 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/181/11/874.abstract?etoc)
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9) Performance of optimised SCR retrofit buses under urban driving and
controlled conditions
David C. Carslaw, , Max Priestman, Martin L. Williams, Gregor B.
Stewart, Sean D. Beevers
Use of remote sensing technique to measure in-service NO2 and NOx
emissions. Focus on urban-optimised selective catalytic reduction
(SCRT) system. On-road and controlled vehicle test track emissions.
45% reduction in NOx and 61% reduction in NO2 cf. non-SCRT buses.
Important implications at a European level for meeting NO2 limits.
Atmospheric Environment 105, March 2015, 70–77 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231015000679)
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10) Gaseous emissions from a heavy-duty engine equipped with SCR
aftertreatment system and fuelled with diesel and biodiesel:
Assessment of pollutant dispersion and health risk
Yara S. Tadano, Guilherme C. Borillo, Ana Flávia L. Godoi, Amanda
Cichon, Thiago O.B. Silva, Fábio B. Valebona, Marcelo R. Errera,
Renato A. Penteado Neto, Dennis Rempel, Lucas Martin, Carlos I.
Yamamoto, Ricardo H.M. Godoi
Emission, dispersion and risk assessment from Euro 5 engine by diesel
and biodiesel. All fuels increased NH3 and N2O emission due to SCR
use, a precursor secondary inorganic aerosol and a major greenhouse
gas, respectively. Dispersion results showed that the SCR system
double the NH3 urban background. Chronic hazards due to NH3 higher
emissions were identified.
Science of The Total Environment 500–501, 1 December 2014, 64–71 -
read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714012790)
- o -
11) Smoke and Mirrors: How Europe’s biggest polluters became their own
regulators
Written by: Lauri Myllyvirta. Edited by: Joris den Blanken, Mark Breddy
Greenpeace is deeply concerned that the health of European citizens
and best available air pollution control technologies are not being
properly taken into account in EU decisions to set emission limits for
coal plants.
Brussels: Greenpeace European Unit, 2015 - read report
(http://www.greenpeace.org/eu-unit/Global/eu-unit/reports-briefings/2015/Smoke%20and%20Mirror%20final%20report.pdf)
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12) WHO adopts ‘landmark’ resolution on air pollution
Michael Holder
The World Health Organisation adopted a “landmark” resolution to
address the health impacts of air pollution at the 68th annual meeting
of its decision-making body in Geneva, Switzerland, yesterday (May 26).
Air Quality News May 2015 - read article
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2015/05/27/who-adopts-landmark-resolution-on-air-pollution/)
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13) Higher ambitions needed for NEC
Christer Ågren
Every year, over 400,000 Europeans die prematurely because of air
pollution. Poor air quality also makes Europeans sick and
significantly reduces their quality of life, in particular in cities.
Increased illness, hospital admissions, extra medication and millions
of lost working days are very costly for the European Union – the
health-related costs of air pollution amounted to €330–940 billion in
the year 2010 alone, which is equivalent to between 3 and 9 per cent
of the EU’s GDP. This includes €15 billion in direct costs from lost
workdays and €4 billion from treatments of chronic bronchitis. Air
pollution also causes great harm to Europe’s ecosystems, crop yields,
buildings and monuments.
Acid News 2015 No. 2, June 2015 - read article
(http://www.airclim.org/acidnews/higher-ambitions-needed-nec)
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14) Satellite study to look at South Yorkshire air pollution
Michael Holder
A satellite investigation into the impacts of car emissions on air
quality in South Yorkshire is underway as part of a research project
involving the European Space Agency, the University of Sheffield and
technology firm The Floow.
Air Quality News May 2015 - read article
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2015/05/28/satellite-study-to-look-at-south-yorkshire-air-pollution/)
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15) New study to look at impact of car fumes on air pollution in Sheffield
Chris Burns
The Star 3 June 2015 - read article
(http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/business/business-news/new-study-to-look-at-impact-of-car-fumes-on-air-pollution-in-sheffield-1-7289645)
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16) Latest Euro 6 diesel car emissions ‘still above limit’
Michael Holder
Real-world driving tests of the latest Euro 6 compliant diesel cars
show they are still more than three times above the EU legal limit for
air pollution emissions, according to data compiled by UK company
Emissions Analytics.
Air Quality News May 2015 - read article
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2015/05/27/latest-euro-6-diesel-car-emissions-still-above-limit/)
17) Editorial: New NEC directive should clear the air
Christer Ågren
The proposed revision of the National Emission Ceilings (NEC)
Directive is currently being debated in the Council and in the
European Parliament. While there is wide agreement on the urgency of
additional action to cut air pollution, there are differing views
among member states on how much and how quickly their emissions should
come down.
Acid News 2015 No. 2, June 2015 - read article
(http://www.airclim.org/acidnews/editorial-new-nec-directive-should-clear-air)
18) Cities’ air quality efforts ranked
Christer Ågren
Zurich topped a new ranking list of European cities based on efforts
to improve air quality. It was followed by Copenhagen, Vienna and
Stockholm. At the bottom of the list came Luxembourg and Lisbon.
Acid News 2015 No. 2, June 2015 - read article
(http://www.airclim.org/acidnews/cities%E2%80%99-air-quality-efforts-ranked)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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