[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update March 2015
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Fri Apr 3 17:38:23 BST 2015
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update March 2015 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - February 2015:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2015-February/000082.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Respiratory and inflammatory responses to short-term exposure to
traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical
activity
2) Source-specific fine particulate air pollution and systemic
inflammation in ischaemic heart disease patients
3) Using real-time syndromic surveillance systems to help explore the
acute impact of the air pollution incident of March/April 2014 in
England
4) Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern
California children: findings from the Southern California Children’s
Health Study
5) Traffic-related air pollution and risk of preterm birth in the San
Joaquin Valley of California
6) Association of Improved Air Quality with Lung Development in Children
7) Autism Spectrum Disorder and Particulate Matter Air Pollution
before, during, and after Pregnancy: A Nested Case–Control Analysis
within the Nurses’ Health Study II Cohort
8) Associations between daily mortality in London and combined oxidant
capacity, ozone and nitrogen dioxide
9) Associations between air pollution and socioeconomic
characteristics, ethnicity and age profile of neighbourhoods in
England and the Netherlands
10) Characterisation of nanoparticle emissions and exposure at traffic
intersections through fast–response mobile and sequential measurements
11) A model study on changes of European and Swiss particulate matter,
ozone and nitrogen deposition between 1990 and 2020 due to the revised
Gothenburg protocol
12) Photocatalytic de-pollution in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels:
NOx abatement results
13) Potential for reducing air-pollutants while achieving 2 °C global
temperature change limit target
14) Modelled atmospheric contribution to nitrogen eutrophication in
the English Channel and the southern North Sea
15) Air pollution impacting on wildlife, campaign group claims
16) A valuation of the environmental performance of vehicles: an
analysis and comparison of two methodologies
- o -
1) Respiratory and inflammatory responses to short-term exposure to
traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical
activity
Nadine Janet Kubesch, Audrey de Nazelle, Dane Westerdahl, David
Martinez, Gloria Carrasco-Turigas, Laura Bouso, Stefano Guerra, Mark J
Nieuwenhuijsen
In a healthy population, intermittent moderate physical activity has
beneficial effects on pulmonary function even when performed in a
highly polluted environment. This study also suggests that particulate
air pollution is inducing pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses.
Occup Environ Med 2015;72:284-293 - read abstract
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/4/284.abstract?etoc)
- o -
2) Source-specific fine particulate air pollution and systemic
inflammation in ischaemic heart disease patients
Taina Siponen, Tarja Yli-Tuomi, Minna Aurela, Hilkka Dufva, Risto
Hillamo, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Kati Huttunen, Juha Pekkanen, Arto
Pennanen, Iiris Salonen, Pekka Tiittanen, Raimo O Salonen, Timo Lanki
Results suggest that PM2.5 from several sources, such as biomass
combustion and traffic, are promoters of systemic inflammation, a risk
factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Occup Environ Med 2015;72:277-283 - read article
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/72/4/277.full)
- o -
3) Using real-time syndromic surveillance systems to help explore the
acute impact of the air pollution incident of March/April 2014 in
England
Gillian E. Smith, Zharain Bawa, Yolande Macklin, Roger Morbey, Alec
Dobney, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Alex J. Elliot
Syndromic surveillance was used during an air pollution incident. We
examined increases in health care usage during the period of poor air
quality. GP consultations, NHS 111 calls and emergency department
attendances were monitored. We detected increases in indicators of
asthma, difficulty breathing and wheeze. Syndromic surveillance is
useful for monitoring the health effects of air pollution.
Environmental Research 136, January 2015, 500–504 - read article
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114003387)
- o -
4) Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern
California children: findings from the Southern California Children’s
Health Study
Zhanghua Chen, Muhammad T. Salam, Sandrah P. Eckel, Carrie V. Breton,
Frank D. Gilliland
The Children’s Health Study (CHS) is a continuing series of
longitudinal studies that first began in 1993 and has focused on
demonstrating the chronic impacts of air pollution on respiratory
illnesses from early childhood through adolescence. A large body of
evidence from the CHS has documented that exposures to both regional
ambient air and traffic-related pollutants are associated with
increased asthma prevalence, new-onset asthma, risk of bronchitis and
wheezing, deficits of lung function growth, and airway inflammation.
These associations may be modulated by key genes involved in
oxidative-nitrosative stress pathways via gene-environment
interactions. To further ameliorate adverse health effects
attributable to air pollution, many more toxic pollutants may require
regulation and control of motor vehicle emissions and other combustion
sources may need to be strengthened.
J Thorac Dis 2015;7(1):46-58 - read article
(http://www.jthoracdis.com/article/view/3694/html)
- o -
5) Traffic-related air pollution and risk of preterm birth in the San
Joaquin Valley of California
Amy M. Padula, Kathleen M. Mortimer, Ira B. Tager, S. Katharine
Hammond, Frederick W. Lurmann, Wei Yang, David K. Stevenson, Gary M.
Shaw
The results confirm associations between traffic-related air pollution
and prematurity, particularly among very early preterm births and low
SES neighborhoods.
Annals of Epidemiology 24 (2014) 888-895 - read article
(http://www.annalsofepidemiology.org/article/S1047-2797(14)00446-3/pdf)
- o -
6) Association of Improved Air Quality with Lung Development in Children
W. James Gauderman, Robert Urman, Edward Avol, Kiros Berhane, Rob
McConnell, Edward Rappaport, Roger Chang, Fred Lurmann, Frank Gilliland,
Air-pollution levels have been trending downward progressively over
the past several decades in southern California, as a result of the
implementation of air quality–control policies. We assessed whether
long-term reductions in pollution were associated with improvements in
respiratory health among children. We found that long-term
improvements in air quality were associated with statistically and
clinically significant positive effects on lung-function growth in
children. (Funded by the Health Effects Institute and others.)
N Engl J Med 2015; 372:905-913 - read article
(http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414123?query=TOC#t=articleTop)
- o -
7) Autism Spectrum Disorder and Particulate Matter Air Pollution
before, during, and after Pregnancy: A Nested Case–Control Analysis
within the Nurses’ Health Study II Cohort
Raanan Raz, Andrea L. Roberts, Kristen Lyall, Jaime E. Hart, Allan C.
Just, Francine Laden, Marc G. Weisskopf
Higher maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy, particularly the
third trimester, was associated with greater odds of a child having ASD.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1408133 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408133/) and editorial
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/123-A68/)
- o -
8) Associations between daily mortality in London and combined oxidant
capacity, ozone and nitrogen dioxide
M. L. Williams, R. W. Atkinson, H. R. Anderson, F. J. Kelly
Both nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) are powerful oxidants in
ambient air that are intimately linked through atmospheric chemistry
and which continuously interchange over very short timescales. Based
upon atmospheric chemistry alone, there is a strong, a priori, reason
for considering O3 and NO2 together in epidemiological studies, rather
than either of the two pollutants separately in single-pollutant
models This novel approach in air pollution epidemiology captures the
simultaneous impact of both oxidants whilst avoiding many of the
statistical issues associated with two-pollutant models and
potentially simplifies health impact calculations.
Air Qual Atmos Health (2014) 7:407–414 - read article
(http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/125/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11869-014-0249-8.pdf?auth66=1425560881_b7631cedc30f09b25d79fc85b80dca5f&ext=.pdf)
- o -
9) Associations between air pollution and socioeconomic
characteristics, ethnicity and age profile of neighbourhoods in
England and the Netherlands
Daniela Fecht, Paul Fischer, Léa Fortunato, Gerard Hoek, Kees de
Hoogh, Marten Marra, Hanneke Kruize, Danielle Vienneau, Rob Beelen,
Anna Hansell
Air pollution inequalities are believed to vary between
subpopulations. We explore this across two European countries at
different geographical levels. We found that air pollution
inequalities are largely an urban problem. Ethnically diverse
neighbourhoods have the highest air pollution levels. Associations
vary across two countries that might be thought to be quite similar.
Environmental Pollution 198, March 2015, 201–210 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114005144)
- o -
10) Characterisation of nanoparticle emissions and exposure at traffic
intersections through fast–response mobile and sequential measurements
Anju Goel, Prashant Kumar
Particle number size distributions were measured inside and outside
the car. Peak number concentration at traffic signal was 29-fold of
those during free–flow. Size-resolved inside to outside concentration
ratio follows a power-law fit form. Number concentration is
exponentially dependent on driving speed at intersections. About 2% of
total commuting time at intersections corresponded to ∼25% of total
doses.
Atmospheric Environment Available online 3 February 2015 - read
abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231015001193)
- o -
11) A model study on changes of European and Swiss particulate matter,
ozone and nitrogen deposition between 1990 and 2020 due to the revised
Gothenburg protocol
S. Aksoyoglu, J. Keller, G. Ciarelli, A. S. H. Prévôt, U. Baltensperger
The model results suggest that nitrogen deposition has decreased by
10–30% in the eastern part of Europe since 1990, while it has
increased by about 20% in the Iberian Peninsula. The decrease is
mainly due to the deposition of oxidized nitrogen species, whereas
deposition of reduced nitrogen compounds increased. In Switzerland,
nitrogen deposition is larger in the northern part of the Alps, where
ammonia emissions are the highest. Applying the baseline scenario, we
found that the deposition of oxidized nitrogen compounds will have
decreased by a further 40% by 2020, whereas deposition of reduced
species will continue to increase. This will lead to a 10–20% decrease
in the total nitrogen deposition in most of the model domain, with a
10% increase in the eastern part of Europe.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13081-13095, 2014 - read abstract
(http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/13081/2014/acp-14-13081-2014.html)
- o -
12) Photocatalytic de-pollution in the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels:
NOx abatement results
M. Gallus, V. Akylas, F. Barmpas, A. Beeldens, E. Boonen, A. Boréave,
M. Cazaunau, H. Chen, V. Daële, J.F. Doussin, Y. Dupart, C. Gaimoz, C.
George, B. Grosselin, H. Herrmann, S. Ifang, R. Kurtenbach, M. Maille,
A. Mellouki, K. Miet, F. Mothes, N. Moussiopoulos, L. Poulain, R.
Rabe, P. Zapf, J. Kleffmann
A photocatalytic tunnel site was set up during the Life+ project
PhotoPAQ. Observed NOx reduction was ≤2% and smaller than expected.
Severe surface passivation was observed under the polluted tunnel
conditions. Optimized conditions for future applications are
discussed. Small scale prior reactivity tests under real tunnel
conditions are recommended.
Building and Environment 84, January 2015, 125–133 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132314003540)
- o -
13) Potential for reducing air-pollutants while achieving 2 °C global
temperature change limit target
Tatsuya Hanaoka, Osamu Akashi, Kazuya Fujiwara, Yuko Motoki, Go Hibino
We use the AIM/Enduse model that is a bottom-up optimization model. We
examine technological GHG mitigation potentials and costs. We assess
co-benefits of reducing air pollutants due to GHG mitigation measures.
Co-benefit of reducing air pollutants are large by shifting to
low-carbon energies. Impacts of co-benefit are different because of
characteristics of emission sources.
Environmental Pollution 195, December 2014, 336–343 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114002541)
- o -
14) Modelled atmospheric contribution to nitrogen eutrophication in
the English Channel and the southern North Sea
G. Djambazov, K. Pericleous
Weather data, emissions data and Lagrangian computations form the
numerical model. Deposition maps in a target geographical region are
produced and compared. Individual polluting industrial or transport
sectors can be traced. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen
eutrophicants increases in wet weather. Heaviest atmospheric
deposition adds to high riverine input in some coastal regions.
Atmospheric Environment 102, February 2015, 191–199 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014009509)
- o -
15) Air pollution impacting on wildlife, campaign group claims
Air pollution is having an impact on the health of UK birds and
domestic pets as well as humans, according to the Campaign for Air
Pollution Public Inquiry (CAPPI). CAPPI also gains support from
Environment Agency chair Lord Smith and charity Sustrans.
Air Quality News, February 23, 2015 - read article
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2015/02/23/air-pollution-impacting-on-wildlife-campaign-group-claims/)
- o -
16) A valuation of the environmental performance of vehicles: an
analysis and comparison of two methodologies
Maarten Messagie, Nele Sergeanta, Surendraprabu Rangaraju, Javier San
Felix Forner, Luis Oliveira, Thierry Coosemans, Cathy Macharis, Joeri
Van Mierlo
In this paper, both methodologies (European Clean Vehicle Directive
and the Belgian Ecoscore system) are compared and used to analyze the
environmental performance of passenger cars with different fuel types
and from different vehicle segments. Similar rankings between both
methodologies are obtained; however, the large impact of energy use
(and CO2 emissions) in the Clean Vehicle methodology disadvantages
compressed natural gas cars, as well as diesel cars equipped with
particulate filters, compared to the Ecoscore methodology.
Transportation Planning and Technology 38,3, 2015 335-346 - read
abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03081060.2015.1008797#.VO2VAXysWN8)
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
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Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
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