[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update May 2014
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Tue May 27 17:55:10 BST 2014
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update May 2014 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - April 2014:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2014-May/000070.html)
(Index for previous issues:
http://www.cleanairuk.org/health-air-pollution.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Exposure to air pollution and respiratory symptoms during the first
7 years of life in an Italian birth cohort
2) Controlled Exposure of Humans with Metabolic Syndrome to
Concentrated Ultrafine Ambient Particulate Matter Causes
Cardiovascular Effects
3) Socioeconomic status and exposure to outdoor NO2 and benzene in the
Asturias INMA birth cohort, Spain
4) National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality:
Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States
5) Effects of long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 on asthma and wheeze
in a prospective birth cohort
6) Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of
long-term studies
7) Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute
coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11
European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project
8) Long term exposure to particulate matter is associated with
incidence of coronary events, and this association persists at levels
of exposure below the current European limit values
9) Influence of Urbanicity and County Characteristics on the
Association between Ozone and Asthma Emergency Department Visits in
North Carolina
10) Associations between Traffic Noise, Particulate Air Pollution,
Hypertension, and Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Adults: The KORA
Study
11) Outdoor air pollution and asthma
12) Switch to diesel engines is significantly to blame for poor air
quality in UK cities, experts say
13) Air Pollution Exposure and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance during
Pregnancy: The Project Viva Cohort
14) Estimating Local Mortality Burdens associated with Particulate Air
Pollution
15) Short-Term Associations of Cause-Specific Emergency
Hospitalizations and Particulate Matter Chemical Components in Hong Kong
16) Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related
Air Pollution
17) Environmental Burden of Disease in Europe: Assessing Nine Risk
Factors in Six Countries
18) Concentrations and source contributions of particulate organic
matter before and after implementation of a low emission zone in
Munich, Germany
19) Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Their Lifetimes in PM2.5
20) Three EU LIFE projects have received funding: GIOCONDA, DYNAMAP,
LIFE Solar Highways
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1) Exposure to air pollution and respiratory symptoms during the first
7 years of life in an Italian birth cohort
Andrea Ranzi, Daniela Porta, Chiara Badaloni, Giulia Cesaroni, Paolo
Lauriola, Marina Davoli, Francesco Forastiere
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is only weakly associated
with respiratory symptoms in young children in the first 7 years of
life.
Occup Environ Med 2014;71:430-436 - read article
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/71/6/430.full)
- o -
2) Controlled Exposure of Humans with Metabolic Syndrome to
Concentrated Ultrafine Ambient Particulate Matter Causes
Cardiovascular Effects
Robert B. Devlin, Candice B. Smith, Michael T. Schmitt, Ana G.
Rappold, Alan Hinderliter, Don Graff, Martha Sue Carraway
This controlled human exposure study is the first to show that ambient
ultrafine particles can cause cardiovascular changes in people with
metabolic syndrome, which affects nearly a quarter of the U.S. adult
population.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014, doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu063
Advance Access publication April 9, 2014 - read article
(http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/04/20/toxsci.kfu063.full.pdf)
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3) Socioeconomic status and exposure to outdoor NO2 and benzene in the
Asturias INMA birth cohort, Spain
Ana Fernández-Somoano, Adonina Tardon
Education and social class were not clearly associated with pollution.
Administrations should monitor the environment of residential areas
regardless of the socioeconomic level, and they should increase the
distances between housing and polluting sources to prevent settlements
at distances that are harmful to health.
J Epidemiol Community Health 2014;68:29-36
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202722 - read
(http://jech.bmj.com/content/68/1/29.abstract) abstract
(http://jech.bmj.com/content/68/1/29.abstract)
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4) National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality:
Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States
Lara P. Clark, Dylan B. Millet, Julian D. Marshall
Our findings establish a national context for previous work that has
documented air pollution environmental injustice and inequality within
individual US metropolitan areas and regions. Results given here can
aid policy-makers in identifying locations with high environmental
injustice and inequality. For example, states with both high injustice
and high inequality (top quintile) for outdoor residential NO2 include
New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
PLoS ONE April 15, 2014DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094431 - read
article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094431)
5) Effects of long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 on asthma and wheeze
in a prospective birth cohort
Anna Mölter, Raymond Agius, Frank de Vocht, Sarah Lindley, William
Gerrard, Adnan Custovic, Angela Simpson
No evidence of a significant association between long-term exposure to
PM10 and NO2 and the prevalence of either asthma or wheeze was found.
J Epidemiol Community Health doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202681 - read
abstract
(http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2013/09/02/jech-2013-202681.abstract)
- o -
6) Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of
long-term studies
Annunziata Faustini, Regula Rapp, Francesco Forastiere
There is evidence of a long-term effect of NO2 on mortality as great
as that of PM2.5. An independent effect of NO2 emerged from
multipollutant models.
European Respiratory Journal February 20, 2014 erj01147-2013 - read
abstract
(http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2014/02/20/09031936.00114713.abstract)
7) Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute
coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11
European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project
Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Massimo Stafoggia, Zorana J
Andersen, Chiara Badaloni, Rob Beelen, Barbara Caracciolo, Ulf de
Faire, Raimund Erbel, Kirsten T Eriksen, Laura Fratiglioni, Claudia
Galassi, Regina Hampel, Margit Heier, Frauke Hennig, Agneta Hilding,
Barbara Hoffmann, Danny Houthuijs, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michal Korek,
Timo Lanki, Karin Leander, Patrik K E Magnusson, Enrica Migliore,
Caes-Göran Ostenson, Kim Overvad, Nancy L Pedersen, Juha Pekkanen J,
Johanna Penell, Göran Pershagen, Andrei Pyko, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen,
Andrea Ranzi, Fulvio Ricceri, Carlotta Sacerdote, Veikko Salomaa, Wim
Swart, Anu W Turunen, Paolo Vineis, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf,
Kees de Hoogh, Gerard Hoek, Bert Brunekreef, Annette Peters
- o -
8) Long term exposure to particulate matter is associated with
incidence of coronary events, and this association persists at levels
of exposure below the current European limit values
BMJ 2014;348:f7412 - read article (http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.f7412)
- o -
9) Influence of Urbanicity and County Characteristics on the
Association between Ozone and Asthma Emergency Department Visits in
North Carolina
Jason D. Sacks, Ana G. Rappold, J. Allen Davis Jr., David B.
Richardson, Anna E. Waller, Thomas J. Luben
Air pollution epidemiologic studies, often conducted in large
metropolitan areas because of proximity to regulatory monitors, are
limited in their ability to examine potential associations between air
pollution exposures and health effects in rural locations.
Associations between short-term O3 exposures and asthma ED visits
differed by overall county health and urbanicity, with stronger
associations in Less Urbanized counties, and no positive association
in Rural counties. Results also suggest that children are at increased
risk of O3-related respiratory effects.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1306940 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1306940/)
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10) Associations between Traffic Noise, Particulate Air Pollution,
Hypertension, and Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Adults: The KORA
Study
Wolfgang Babisch, Kathrin Wolf, Markus Petz, Joachim Heinrich, Josef
Cyrys, Annette Peters
Traffic noise and PM2.5 were both associated with a higher prevalence
of hypertension. Mutually adjusted associations with hypertension were
positive but no longer statistically significant.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1306981 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1306981/)
- o -
11) Outdoor air pollution and asthma
Michael Guarnieri, Dr John R Balmes
Young children with asthma, especially those growing up in
economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods, are at increased risk of
adverse effects from exposures to air pollution. Unravelling which
components of the traffic pollution mixture are responsible for asthma
exacerbations and onset is a substantial challenge. Improved air
quality to prevent exacerbations and new cases of asthma will require
strong governmental efforts to move economies in both developed and
developing countries away from combustion of fossil fuels for
transportation and energy production; this approach is also needed to
mitigate climate change.
The Lancet, 383:9928, 1581-1592, 3 May 2014 - read article
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60617-6/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-LANCET&elsca2=email&elsca3=E24A35F)
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12) Switch to diesel engines is significantly to blame for poor air
quality in UK cities, experts say
Ingrid Torjesen
Government policies to encourage motorists to switch to diesel engines
may have backfired, experts have said, as diesel fumes are now being
blamed for the poor air quality in UK cities that is damaging health
and reducing life expectancy.
BMJ 2014;348:g3033 - read article
(http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3033?etoc=)
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13) Air Pollution Exposure and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance during
Pregnancy: The Project Viva Cohort
Abby F. Fleisch, Diane R. Gold, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Petros
Koutrakis, Joel D. Schwartz, Itai Kloog, Steven Melly, Brent A. Coull,
Antonella Zanobetti, Matthew W. Gillman, Emily Oken
Greater exposure to PM2.5 and other traffic-related pollutants during
pregnancy was associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but not
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Air pollution may contribute to
abnormal glycemia in pregnancy.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307065 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307065/)
- o -
14) Estimating Local Mortality Burdens associated with Particulate Air
Pollution
Current levels of particulate air pollution have a considerable impact
on public health. Measures to reduce levels of particulate air
pollution, or to reduce exposure of the population to such pollution,
are regarded as an important public health initiative.
Public Health England April 2014 - read report
(http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317141074607) (933kb)
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15) Short-Term Associations of Cause-Specific Emergency
Hospitalizations and Particulate Matter Chemical Components in Hong Kong
Vivian Chit Pun, Ignatius Tak-Sun Yu, Hong Qiu, Kin-Fai Ho, Zhiwei
Sun, Peter K.K. Louie, Tze Wai Wong, Linwei Tian
These findings lend support to the growing body of literature
concerning the health associations of particulate matter composition
and provide important insight into the differential health risks of
components found in fine and coarse modes of PM10.
Am. J. Epidemiol. (2014) 179 (9): 1086-1095 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/9/1086.abstract.html?etoc)
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16) Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related
Air Pollution
Alexander Y. Bigazzi, Miguel A. Figliozzi
This review includes not only bicyclists' exposure to air pollution
concentrations but also respiration rates, intake doses (the amount of
pollutant that is inhaled), and uptake doses (the amount of pollutant
that is incorporated into the body). Research gaps and opportunities
for future research are discussed. This is the first review to
specifically address bicyclists' health risks from traffic-related air
pollution and to explicitly include intake and uptake doses in
addition to exposure concentrations for travelers.
Transport Reviews 34,2, 2014, 221-245 - read abstract
(http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01441647.2014.897772#.U2DXaahdWN-)
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17) Environmental Burden of Disease in Europe: Assessing Nine Risk
Factors in Six Countries
Otto Hänninen, Anne B. Knol, Matti Jantunen, Tek-Ang Lim, André
Conrad, Marianne Rappolder, Paolo Carrer, Anna-Clara Fanetti, Rokho
Kim, Jurgen Buekers, Rudi Torfs, Ivano Iavarone, Thomas Classen,
Claudia Hornberg, Odile C.L. Mekel, and the EBoDE Working Group
Environmental health effects vary considerably with regard to their
severity, type of disease, and duration. Integrated measures of
population health, such as environmental burden of disease (EBD), are
useful for setting priorities in environmental health policies and
research. This review is a summary of the full Environmental Burden of
Disease in European countries (EBoDE) project report.
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1206154 - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1206154/)
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18) Concentrations and source contributions of particulate organic
matter before and after implementation of a low emission zone in
Munich, Germany
R.M. Qadir, G. Abbaszade, J. Schnelle-Kreis, J.C. Chow, R. Zimmermann
Samples of PM2.5 were analyzed before and after implementation of the
low emission zone (LEZ). Significant effect of implementation of LEZ
was detected on the concentrations of EC and some of the POC. Source
apportionment of PM2.5 was obtained using positive matrix
factorization (PMF). Data included particulate organic compounds (POC)
and EC/OC. The contribution of traffic factor decreased about 60%
after implementation of the LEZ.
Environmental Pollution 175, April 2013, 158–167 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113000067)
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19) Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals and Their Lifetimes in PM2.5
William Gehling, Barry Dellinger
The radical signal in PM2.5 was remarkably similar to semiquinones in
cigarette smoke. Accordingly, radicals inhaled from PM2.5 were related
to the radicals inhaled from smoking cigarettes, expressed as the
number of equivalent cigarettes smoked. This calculated to 0.4–0.9
cigarettes per day for nonextreme air quality in the United States.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (15), 8172–8178 - read abstract
(http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es401767m)
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20) Three EU LIFE projects have received funding: GIOCONDA, DYNAMAP,
LIFE Solar Highways
GIOCONDA
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=5074) (Institute of Clinical Physiology - National Research Council) - to provide local authorities with an innovative methodology that can effectively support policies on environment and health, by involving young people in decision-making
processes.
DYNAMAP
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=4878) (ANAS SpA) - to develop a dynamic noise mapping system that is able to detect and represent in real time the acoustic impact of road
infrastructures.
LIFE Solar Highways
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=5115) - to demonstrate the technical feasibility and the environmental, social and financial benefits of using multifunctional constructive elements for building highway noise barriers, in which bifacial PV modules have been
integrated.
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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