[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update February 2014
Network for Clean Air
contact at cleanairuk.org
Thu Feb 27 19:53:33 GMT 2014
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update February 2014 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - January 2014:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2014-February/000064.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) Air pollution: how big a problem is it for cyclists?
2) Health effects of the London bicycle sharing system: health impact
modelling study
3) Associations between arrhythmia episodes and temporally and
spatially resolved black carbon and particulate matter in elderly
patients
4) Have the short-term mortality effects of particulate matter air
pollution changed in Australia over the period 1993–2007?
5) Oxidative stress of House Sparrow as bioindicator of urban pollution
6) An Autonomic Link Between Inhaled Diesel Exhaust and Impaired
Cardiac Performance: Insight From Treadmill and Dobutamine Challenges
in Heart Failure–Prone Rats
7) A five-year study of particulate matter (PM2.5) and cerebrovascular
diseases
8) Air Pollution and Newly Diagnostic Autism Spectrum Disorders: A
Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
9) Prenatal air pollution exposure and ultrasound measures of fetal
growth in Los Angeles, California
10) Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Term Birth
Weight in New York, New York
11) Ambient Air Pollution and Traffic Exposures and Congenital Heart
Defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California
12) Associations between ambient air pollution and Hypertensive
Disorders of Pregnancy
13) Associations Between Inflammatory and Immune Response Genes and
Adverse Respiratory Outcomes Following Exposure to Outdoor Air
Pollution: A HuGE Systematic Review
14) A Case-Control Study of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Volatile
Organic Compounds and Lung Cancer in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
15) Invited Commentary: Epidemiologic Studies of the Impact of Air
Pollution on Lung Cancer
16) The dispersion characteristics of air pollution from the world's
megacities
17) Nitrogen Dioxide and Ultrafine Particles Dominate the Biological
Effects of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Treated by a Catalyzed Diesel
Particulate Filter
18) Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of
Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter
19) Does urban vegetation mitigate air pollution in northern conditions?
20) Variations in exposure to traffic pollution while travelling by
different modes in a low density, less congested city
21) Research investigating in-use emissions of a range of buses
operating in a modern commercial public transport fleet
22) Exposure to road traffic noise and children's behavioural problems
and sleep disturbance: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies
- o -
1) Air pollution: how big a problem is it for cyclists?
Peter Walker
Air pollution prematurely kills around 30,000 Britons a year, but at
least on a bike there are measures you can take to reduce the risks
The Guardian 20 Feb 2014 - read article
(http://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2014/feb/20/air-pollution-cyclists-bike-blog)
- o -
2) Health effects of the London bicycle sharing system: health impact
modelling study
James Woodcock, Marko Tainio, James Cheshire, Oliver O’Brien, Anna Goodman,
London’s bicycle sharing system has positive health impacts overall,
but these benefits are clearer for men than for women and for older
users than for younger users. The potential benefits of cycling may
not currently apply to all groups in all settings.
BMJ 2014;348:g425 - read article
(http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g425?etoc=)
- o -
3) Associations between arrhythmia episodes and temporally and
spatially resolved black carbon and particulate matter in elderly
patients
Antonella Zanobetti, Brent A Coull, Alexandros Gryparis, Itai Kloog,
David Sparrow, Pantel S Vokonas, Robert O Wright, Diane R Gold, Joel
Schwartz
Ambient air pollution has been associated with sudden deaths, some of
which are likely due to ventricular arrhythmias. Defibrillator
discharge studies have examined the association of air pollution with
arrhythmias in sensitive populations. This study found that increased
levels of short-term traffic-related pollutants may increase the risk
of ventricular arrhythmia in elderly subjects.
Occup Environ Med 2014;71:201-207 - read abstract
(http://oem.bmj.com/content/71/3/201.abstract.html?etoc)
- o -
4) Have the short-term mortality effects of particulate matter air
pollution changed in Australia over the period 1993–2007?
Steven Roberts
We explore whether the mortality effect of PM10 has changed in
Australia over time. Evidence is found that the effect of PM10 has
declined in Brisbane and Sydney. It is possible that the decline is
due to a reduction in the toxicity of PM10.
Environmental Pollution 182, November 2013, 9–14 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113003606)
- o -
5) Oxidative stress of House Sparrow as bioindicator of urban pollution
Amparo Herrera-Dueñas, Javier Pineda, María Teresa Antonio, José I. Aguirre
House Sparrow as a bioindicator of urban ecosystem quality. Oxidative
stress markers could be reliable tool for monitoring urban air
quality. Non-invasive sampling techniques allows to use threatened
species for monitoring.
Ecological Indicators Available online 12 September 2013 In Press,
Corrected Proof - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X13003130)
- o -
6) An Autonomic Link Between Inhaled Diesel Exhaust and Impaired
Cardiac Performance: Insight From Treadmill and Dobutamine Challenges
in Heart Failure–Prone Rats
Alex P. Carll, Mehdi S. Hazari, Christina M. Perez, Q. Todd Krantz,
Charly J. King, Najwa Haykal-Coates, Wayne E. Cascio, Daniel L. Costa,
Aimen K. Farraj
This is the first evidence that air pollutant inhalation both causes
time-dependent oscillations between sympathetic and parasympathetic
dominance and decreases cardiac performance via aberrant sympathetic
dominance.
Toxicol. Sci. (2013) 135 (2): 425-436 - read abstract
(http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/135/2/425.abstract)
- o -
7) A five-year study of particulate matter (PM2.5) and cerebrovascular
diseases
Manuel A. Leiva G, Daniela A. Santibañez, Sergio Ibarra E, Patricia
Matus C, Rodrigo Seguel
Particulate matter pollution – cerebrovascular diseases (stroke)
relationship is not well known. Cerebrovascular diseases are the
second leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of morbidity.
PM2.5 increase 10 μg/m3 the risk of hospital admissions for stroke
causes increases by 1.29%. The results are similar to that of other
cities worldwide.
Environmental Pollution 181, October 2013, 1–6 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113003175)
- o -
8) Air Pollution and Newly Diagnostic Autism Spectrum Disorders: A
Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan
Chau-Ren Jung, Yu-Ting Lin, Bing-Fang Hwang
Our results provide evidence that children's exposure to O3, CO, NO2,
and SO2 in the preceding 1 year to 4 years may increase the risk of
ASD diagnosis.
PLoS ONE 8(9): e75510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075510 - read article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075510)
- o -
9) Prenatal air pollution exposure and ultrasound measures of fetal
growth in Los Angeles, California
Beate Ritz, Jiaheng Qiu, Pei-Chen Lee, Fred Lurmann, Bryan Penfold,
Robert Erin Weiss, Rob McConnell, Chander Arora, Calvin Hobel,
Michelle Wilhelm
We collected multiple ultrasound measures in a prospective pregnancy
cohort. We modeled traffic-related air pollution with
dispersion/land-use regression models. Ambient government air monitors
provided us with measures for CO and NO2. Fetal biparietal diameter
decreased with different traffic pollution measures. Head size but no
other fetal growth measures were affected by air pollution.
Environmental Research 130, April 2014, 7–13 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935114000103)
10) Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Term Birth
Weight in New York, New York
David A. Savitz, Jennifer F. Bobb, Jessie L. Carr, Jane E. Clougherty,
Francesca Dominici, Beth Elston, Kazuhiko Ito, Zev Ross, Michelle Yee,
Thomas D. Matte
Adjusted estimates for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter
less than 2.5 μm indicated that for each 10-µg/m3 increase in
exposure, birth weights declined by 18.4, 10.5, 29.7, and 48.4 g for
exposures in the first, second, and third trimesters and for the total
pregnancy, respectively. Adjusted estimates for nitrogen dioxide
indicated that for each 10-ppb increase in exposure, birth weights
declined by 14.2, 15.9, 18.0, and 18.0 g for exposures in the first,
second, and third trimesters and for the total pregnancy,
respectively. These results strongly support the association of urban
air pollution exposure with reduced fetal growth.
American Journal of Epidemiology 2014, 179, 4, 457-466 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/4/457.abstract.html?etoc)
- o -
11) Ambient Air Pollution and Traffic Exposures and Congenital Heart
Defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Amy M. Padula, Ira B. Tager, Suzan L. Carmichael, S. Katharine
Hammond, Wei Yang, Frederick Lurmann, Gary M. Shaw
PM10 and traffic density may contribute to the occurrence of pulmonary
valve stenosis and ventricular septal defects, respectively. The
results were mixed for other pollutants and had little consistency
with previous studies.
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 27,4, 329–339, July 2013 - read
abstract (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ppe.12055/abstract)
- o -
12) Associations between ambient air pollution and Hypertensive
Disorders of Pregnancy
Zahra Mobasher, Muhammad T. Salam, T.Murphy Goodwin, Frederick
Lurmann, Sue A. Ingles, Melissa L. Wilson
CO and PM2.5 significantly increase the HDP risk in the first
pregnancy trimester. Ozone O3 significantly increases the HDP risk in
the second pregnancy trimester. CO and PM2.5 are associated with
increased odds of HDP only among non-obese women.
Environmental Research 123, May 2013, 9–16 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935113000108)
- o -
13) Associations Between Inflammatory and Immune Response Genes and
Adverse Respiratory Outcomes Following Exposure to Outdoor Air
Pollution: A HuGE Systematic Review
Seema Vawda, Rafif Mansour, Andrea Takeda, Paula Funnell, Sally Kerry,
Ian Mudway, Jeenath Jamaludin, Seif Shaheen, Chris Griffiths, Robert
Walton
Variants of inflammatory and immune response genes have been
associated with adverse respiratory outcomes following exposure to air
pollution. However, the genes involved and their associations are not
well characterized, and there has been no systematic review. This
review indicates that genes controlling innate immune recognition of
foreign material (TLR4) and the subsequent inflammatory response
(TGFB1, TLR4) modify the associations of exposure to air pollution
with respiratory function. The associations observed have biological
plausibility; however, larger studies with improved reporting are
needed to confirm these findings.
American Journal of Epidemiology 2014, 179, 4, 432-442 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/4/432.abstract.html?etoc)
- o -
14) A Case-Control Study of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Volatile
Organic Compounds and Lung Cancer in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Paul J. Villeneuve, Michael Jerrett, Darren Brenner, Jason Su, Hong
Chen, John R. McLaughlin
Our study suggests that long-term exposure to ambient volatile organic
compounds and nitrogen dioxide at relatively low concentrations is
associated with lung cancer. Further work is needed to evaluate joint
relationships between these pollutants, smoking, and lung cancer.
American Journal of Epidemiology 2014, 179, 4 443-451 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/4/443.abstract.html?etoc)
- o -
15) Invited Commentary: Epidemiologic Studies of the Impact of Air
Pollution on Lung Cancer
Jaime E. Hart
In this issue of the Journal, Villeneuve et al. (Am J Epidemiol.
2014;179(4):443–451) present epidemiologic evidence supporting the
literature on the adverse effects of air pollution on risk of lung
cancer. They found that ambient exposure to volatile organic
compounds, especially when measured at longer time scales, was
associated with increased odds of lung cancer in citizens of Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, between 1997 and 2002. These findings add weight to
the substantial (and rapidly growing) body of literature on the
relation of air pollution with lung cancer risk, as well as illustrate
important aspects of the effects of different exposure assessment
choices and potential sources of key interest.
American Journal of Epidemiology 2014, 179, 4 452-454 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/4/452.short) and authors'
response (http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/4/455.short)
- o -
16) The dispersion characteristics of air pollution from the world's
megacities
M. Cassiani, A. Stohl, S. Eckhardt
In general this study showed that the pollution of urban origin in the
lower troposphere of the Arctic is mainly generated by northern
European sources. We also found that the deposition of the modeled
artificial BC (black carbon) aerosol in the Antarctic due to
megacities is comparable to the emissions of BC generated by local
shipping activities. Finally multiplying population and ground level
concentration maps, we found that the exposure of human population to
megacity pollution occurs mainly inside the city boundaries, and this
is especially true if deposition is accounted for. However, some
exceptions exist (Beijing, Tianjin, Karachi) where the impact on
population outside the city boundary is larger than that inside the
city boundary.
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9975-9996, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9975-2013, 2013
- read abstract
(http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/9975/2013/acp-13-9975-2013.html)
- o -
17) Nitrogen Dioxide and Ultrafine Particles Dominate the Biological
Effects of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Treated by a Catalyzed Diesel
Particulate Filter
Subramanian Karthikeyan, Errol M. Thomson, Prem Kumarathasan, Josée
Guénette, Debbie Rosenblatt, Tak Chan, Greg Rideout, Renaud Vincent
The potential benefits of particulate matter reduction using a
catalyzed DPF may be confounded by increase in NO2 emission and
release of reactive ultrafine particles.
Toxicol. Sci. (2013) 135 (2): 437-450 - read abstract
(http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/135/2/437.abstract)
18) Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of
Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter
Barbara A. Maher, Imad A. M. Ahmed, Brian Davison, Vassil
Karloukovski, Robert Clarke
Electron microscopy analyses show that leaf-captured PM is
concentrated in agglomerations around leaf hairs and within the leaf
microtopography. Iron-rich, ultrafine, spherical particles, probably
combustion-derived, are abundant, form a particular hazard to health,
and likely contribute much of the measured magnetic remanences. Leaf
magnetic measurements show that PM capture occurs on both the
road-proximal and -distal sides of the trees. The efficacy of roadside
trees for mitigation of PM health hazard might be seriously
underestimated in some current atmospheric models.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (23), pp 13737–13744 - read abstract
(http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es404363m)
- o -
19) Does urban vegetation mitigate air pollution in northern conditions?
Heikki Setälä, Viljami Viippola, Anna-Lea Rantalainen, Arto Pennanen,
Vesa Yli-Pelkonen
The ability of northern urban vegetation to remove air pollutants is
minor. Vegetation-related environmental variables had no effect on air
pollution levels. The ability of vegetation to clean air did not
differ between summer and winter. Dry deposition passive samplers
proved applicable in urban air pollution study.
Environmental Pollution 183, December 2013, 104–112 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749112004885)
- o -
20) Variations in exposure to traffic pollution while travelling by
different modes in a low density, less congested city
Simon Kingham, Ian Longley, Jenny Salmond, Woodrow Pattinson, Kreepa Shrestha
This research assessed the comparative risk associated with exposure
to traffic pollution when travelling via different transport modes in
Christchurch, New Zealand. Concentrations of PM1, UFPs and CO were
monitored on pre-defined routes during the morning and evening commute
on people travelling concurrently by car, bus and bicycle. It was
found that car drivers were consistently exposed to the highest levels
of CO; on-road cyclists were exposed to higher levels of all
pollutants than off-road cyclists; car and bus occupants were exposed
to higher average levels of UFP than cyclists, and travellers were
occasionally exposed to very high levels of pollution for short
periods of time. PM10 and PM2.5 were found to be poor indicators of
exposure to traffic pollution. Studying Christchurch adds to our
understanding as it was a lower density city with limited traffic
congestion compared most other cities previously studied.
Environmental Pollution 181, October 2013, 211–218 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113003540)
- o -
21) Research investigating in-use emissions of a range of buses
operating in a modern commercial public transport fleet
The vehicles being tested represent a cross-section of the Brighton &
Hove fleet, from the oldest, which conform to Euro III level emissions
regulations, up to Euro V-compliant conventional and hybrid buses. In
each case, the vehicle under test operates on a standard service route
through the city centre that captures a range of driving conditions
and gradients.
Ricardo & Horiba Instruments - read press release
(http://www.ricardo.com/en-GB/News--Media/Press-releases/News-releases1/2014/Ricardo-and-Brighton--Hove-buses-work-towards-a-cleaner-environment/)
- o -
22) Exposure to road traffic noise and children's behavioural problems
and sleep disturbance: Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus studies
Carla M.T. Tiesler, Matthias Birk, Elisabeth Thiering, Gabriele
Kohlböck, Sibylle Koletzko, Carl-Peter Bauer, Dietrich Berdel, Andrea
von Berg, Wolfgang Babisch, Joachim Heinrich, for the GINIplus and
LISAplus Study Groups
We studied road traffic noise exposure at home and child behavioural
problems. Two modelled noise indicators, one for 24 h and one for
night noise, were used. Noise levels at the least exposed façade were
related to more emotional symptoms. Noise at the most exposed façade
was related to more hyperactivity symptoms.
Environmental Research 123, May 2013, 1–8 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935113000364)
- o -
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Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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