[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update September 2013
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Wed Sep 11 11:35:55 BST 2013
*Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update September 2013*
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
*CONTENTS*
1) Short-term Associations between Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter
and Hospitalizations in Southern Europe: Results from the
MED-PARTICLES Project
2) Long-term Exposure to Black Carbon and Carotid Intima-Media
Thickness: The Normative Aging Study
3) Respiratory Disparity? Obese People May Not Benefit from Improved
Air Quality
4) Improved Air Quality and Attenuated Lung Function Decline:
Modification by Obesity in the SAPALDIA Cohort
5) Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Disease: Researchers Turn an
Eye toward Microvascular Changes
6) Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in
Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults
7) Maternal Stress and Effects of Prenatal Air Pollution on Offspring
Mental Health Outcomes in Mice
8) Impact of Geocoding Methods on Associations between Long-term
Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Lung Function
9) A National Prediction Model for PM2.5 Component Exposures and
Measurement Error?Corrected Health Effect Inference
-o-
1) Short-term Associations between Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter
and Hospitalizations in Southern Europe: Results from the
MED-PARTICLES Project
Massimo Stafoggia, Evangelia Samoli, Ester Alessandrini, Ennio Cadum,
Bart Ostro, Giovanna Berti, Annunziata Faustini, Benedicte Jacquemin,
Cristina Linares, Mathilde Pascal, Giorgia Randi, Andrea Ranzi, Elisa
Stivanello, Francesco Forastiere, and the MED-PARTICLES Study Group
PM2.5 and PM2.5?10 were positively associated with cardiovascular and
respiratory admissions in eight Mediterranean cities. Information on
the short-term effects of different PM fractions on morbidity in
Southern Europe will be useful to inform European policies on air
quality standards.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013 1026-1033 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1206151.pdf)
-o-
2) Long-term Exposure to Black Carbon and Carotid Intima-Media
Thickness: The Normative Aging Study
Elissa H. Wilker, Murray A. Mittleman, Brent A. Coull, Alexandros
Gryparis, Michiel L. Bots, Joel Schwartz, David Sparrow
Annual mean black carbon concentration based on spatially resolved
exposure estimates was associated with CIMT in a population of elderly
men. These findings support an association between long-term air
pollution exposure and atherosclerosis.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013, 1061-1067 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1104845.pdf)
-o-
3) Respiratory Disparity? Obese People May Not Benefit from Improved
Air Quality
Carol Potera
Excess weight is associated with reduced ability of the lung to
stretch, which increases the mechanical work needed to breathe.
Improved air quality may not be enough to compensate for these
physical changes in overweight and obese people. Additionally, excess
weight14 and air pollution15 are both associated with chronic
inflammation and together may be more likely to lead to permanent
damage of lung tissue, reducing the benefits of breathing cleaner air.
Environmental Health Perspectives,121,9, September 2013, A238 - read
article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.121-a283.pdf)
-o-
4) Improved Air Quality and Attenuated Lung Function Decline:
Modification by Obesity in the SAPALDIA Cohort
Tamara Schikowski, Emmanuel Schaffner, Flurina Meier, Harish C.
Phuleria, Andrea Vierkötter, Christian Schindler, Susi Kriemler,
Elisabeth Zemp, Ursula Krämer, Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux, Thierry
Rochat, Joel Schwartz, Nino Künzli, Nicole Probst-Hensch
The results point to the importance of considering health effects of
air pollution exposure and obesity in parallel. Further research must
address the mechanisms underlying the observed interaction.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013, 1034-1039 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1206145.pdf)
-o-
5) Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Disease: Researchers Turn an
Eye toward Microvascular Changes
Julia R. Barrett
The estimated changes in CRAE (central retinal arteriolar equivalents)
were about three times larger than those associated with similar
levels of air pollution in the MESA analysis. However, the authors of
the current study suggest that the younger and healthier study
population may have had blood vessels that were better able to adapt
to changing pollution conditions. The current study also looked solely
at short-term exposures (2?24 hours) versus the short- and long-term
exposures (24 hours and 2 years) evaluated in the MESA analysis. The
researchers found no evidence of a threshold below which changes were
not seen, consistent with the MESA analysis and other studies.
Environmental Health Perspectives, 121, 9, September 2013, A 282 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.121-a282.pdf)
-o-
6) Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in
Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults
Tijs Louwies, Luc Int Panis, Michal Kicinski, Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot
The findings suggest that the retinal microvasculature responds to
short-term changes in air pollution levels. These results support a
mechanistic pathway through which air pollution can act as a trigger
of cardiovascular events at least in part through effects on the
microvasculature.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9 September 2013, 1011-1016 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1205721.pdf)
-o-
7) Maternal Stress and Effects of Prenatal Air Pollution on Offspring
Mental Health Outcomes in Mice
Jessica L. Bolton, Nicole C. Huff, Susan H. Smith, S. Nicholas Mason,
W. Michael Foster, Richard L. Auten, Staci D. Bilbo
These results show that maternal stress during late gestation
increases the susceptibility of offspring?particularly males?to the
deleterious effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure, which may be
due to a synergism of these factors acting on innate immune
recognition genes and downstream neuroinflammatory cascades within the
developing brain.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013, 1075-1082 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1306560.pdf)
-o-
8) Impact of Geocoding Methods on Associations between Long-term
Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Lung Function
Bénédicte Jacquemin, Johanna Lepeule, Anne Boudier, Caroline Arnould,
Meriem Benmerad, Claire Chappaz, Joane Ferran, Francine Kauffmann,
Xavier Morelli, Isabelle Pin, Christophe Pison,
Isabelle Rios, Sofia Temam, Nino Künzli, Rémy Slama, Valérie Siroux
The findings suggest that the choice of geocoding technique may
influence estimated health effects when air pollution exposures are
estimated using a fine-scale exposure model.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013, 1054-1059 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1206016.pdf)
-o-
9) A National Prediction Model for PM2.5 Component Exposures and
Measurement Error?Corrected Health Effect Inference
Silas Bergen, Lianne Sheppard, Paul D. Sampson, Sun-Young Kim, Mark
Richards, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman, Adam A. Szpiro
The impact of correcting for measurement error on health effect
inference is concordant with the degree of spatial correlation in the
exposure surfaces. Exposure model characteristics must be considered
when performing two-stage air pollution epidemiologic analyses because
naïve health effect inference may be inappropriate.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121, 9, September 2013, 1017-1025 -
read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/9/ehp.1206010.pdf)
-------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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