[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update October 2013
Network for Clean Air
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Sat Nov 9 17:29:32 GMT 2013
* Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update October 2013 *
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
(Previous edition - September 2013:
http://cleanairuk.org/pipermail/news_cleanairuk.org/2013-September/000050.html)
*CONTENTS*
1) IARC Scientific Publication No. 161: Air Pollution and Cancer
2) Air quality in Europe — 2013 report (European Environment Agency)
3) Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and Risk of
Early Childhood Cancers
4) Better air for better health: Forging synergies in policies for
energy access, climate change and air pollution
5) Ambient air pollution and low birthweight: a European cohort study (ESCAPE)
6) Diesel exhaust rapidly degrades floral odours used by honeybees
7) Positional error and time-activity patterns in near-highway
proximity studies: an exposure misclassification analysis
8) Gene expression changes in rat brain after short and long exposures
to particulate matter in Los Angeles basin air: Comparison with human
brain tumors
9) Diesel Exhaust Induces Systemic Lipid Peroxidation and Development
of Dysfunctional Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory High-Density
Lipoprotein
10) Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts:
prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air
Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
11) DNA Hypomethylation, Ambient Particulate Matter, and Increased
Blood Pressure: Findings From Controlled Human Exposure Experiments
12) Venous Thromboembolism in an Industrial North American City:
Temporal Distribution and Association with Particulate Matter Air
Pollution
13) Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air
pollution and the contribution of past climate change
14) Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air
pollution-related premature mortality
15) Particulate Air Pollution, Ambulatory Heart Rate Variability, and
Cardiac Arrhythmia in Retirement Community Residents with Coronary
Artery Disease
16) Climate policies can help resolve energy security and air
pollution challenges
17) Scientists link lung condition deaths to traffic pollution
- o -
1) IARC Scientific Publication No. 161: Air Pollution and Cancer
Editors: Kurt Straif, Aaron Cohen, Jonathan Samet
Estimates have been made of the burden of cancer attributable to
environmental factors and of the contribution of air pollution to lung
cancer specifically. Estimates have also been made for specific
carcinogens, including radon and lung cancer. These estimates have
been in the range of 3–5% for the fraction of lung cancer cases
attributable to ambient air pollution. The 2004 estimates of the World
Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease programme covered both
outdoor and indoor air pollution. For ambient air pollution, the
estimated number of lung cancer deaths worldwide was 62 000 per year
(Cohen et al., 2004). Indoor air pollution from solid fuel combustion
was estimated to cause 16 000 lung cancer deaths per year, but
estimates could not be made for all subregions (Smith et al., 2004).
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2013 - Read / Download
book (229pp) in ePub format
(http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/books/sp161/index.php)
- o -
2)Air quality in Europe — 2013 report (European Environment Agency)
Air quality continues to be a very important issue for public health,
the economy and the environment. Europe has significantly cut
emissions of several air pollutants in recent decades. Despite
improvements, air pollution continues to damage human health and the
environment. Particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), reactive
nitrogen substances and some organic compounds still pose a
significant threat. This leads to ill health, premature deaths, and
damage to ecosystems, crops, and buildings. These constitute real
losses for the European economy, the productivity of its
workforce, and the health of its natural systems
Copenhagen: European Environment Agency, 2013, 112pp - read report
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2013/at_download/file)
- o -
3) Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and Risk of
Early Childhood Cancers
Jo Kay C. Ghosh, Julia E. Heck, Myles Cockburn, Jason Su, Michael
Jerrett, Beate Ritz
Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to the risk
of childhood cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This study
used land use regression modeling to estimate prenatal exposures to
traffic exhaust and evaluate the associations with cancer risk in very
young children. The results lend support to a link between prenatal
exposure to traffic exhaust and the risk of acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and bilateral retinoblastoma.
Am. J. Epidemiol. (2013) 178 (8): 1233-1239 - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/178/8/1233.abstract.html?etoc)
- o -
4) Better air for better health: Forging synergies in policies for
energy access, climate change and air pollution
Shilpa Raoa, Shonali Pachauria, Frank Dentenerb, Patrick Kinneyc,
Zbigniew Klimonta, Keywan Riahia, Wolfgang Schoeppa
Air pollution and its related health impacts are a global concern.
This paper addresses how current policies on air pollution, climate
change and access to clean cooking fuels can effectively reduce both
outdoor and household air pollution and improve human health. The
results stress the importance of enforcing current worldwide air
quality legislation in addressing the impacts of outdoor air
pollution. A combination of stringent policies on outdoor air
pollution, climate change and access to clean cooking fuels is found
to be effective in achieving reductions in average ambient PM2.5
exposures to below World Health Organization recommended levels for a
majority of the world's population and results in a significant
decline in the global burden of disease from both outdoor and
household air pollution.
Global Environmental Change Available online 2 July 2013 - read
abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378013000770)
- o -
5) Ambient air pollution and low birthweight: a European cohort study (ESCAPE)
Marie Pedersen, Lise Giorgis-Allemand, Claire Bernard, Inmaculada
Aguilera, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen, Ferran Ballester, Rob M J Beelen,
Leda Chatzi, Marta Cirach, Asta Danileviciute, Audrius Dedele, Manon
van Eijsden, Marisa Estarlich, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Mariana F
Fernández, Francesco Forastiere, Ulrike Gehring, Regina
Grazuleviciene, Olena Gruzieva, Barbara Heude, Gerard Hoek, Kees de
Hoogh, Edith H van den Hooven, Siri E Håberg, Vincent W V Jaddoe,
Claudia Klümper, Michal Korek, Ursula Krämer, Aitana Lerchundi,
Johanna Lepeule, Per Nafstad, Wenche Nystad, Evridiki Patelarou,
Daniela Porta, Dirkje Postma, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Peter Rudnai,
Jordi Sunyer, Euripides Stephanou, Mette Sørensen, Elisabeth Thiering,
Derek Tuffnell, Mihály J Varró, Tanja G M Vrijkotte, Alet Wijga,
Michael Wilhelm, John Wright, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Göran Pershagen,
Bert Brunekreef, Manolis Kogevinas, Rémy Slama
Exposure to ambient air pollutants and traffic during pregnancy is
associated with restricted fetal growth. A substantial proportion of
cases of low birthweight at term could be prevented in Europe if urban
air pollution was reduced.
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Early Online Publication, 15 October
2013 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70192-9 - read abstract
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(13)70192-9/abstract)
- o -
6) Diesel exhaust rapidly degrades floral odours used by honeybees
Robbie D. Girling, Inka Lusebrink, Emily Farthing, Tracey A. Newman,
Guy M. Poppy
Honeybees utilise floral odours when foraging for flowers; we
investigated whether diesel exhaust pollution could interrupt these
floral odour stimuli. A synthetic blend of eight floral chemicals,
identified from oilseed rape, was exposed to diesel exhaust pollution.
Within one minute of exposure the abundances of four of the chemicals
were significantly lowered, with two components rendered undetectable.
Honeybees were trained to recognise the full synthetic odour mix;
altering the blend, by removing the two chemicals rendered
undetectable, significantly reduced the ability of the trained
honeybees to recognize the altered odour. Furthermore, we found that
at environmentally relevant levels the mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx )
fraction of the exhaust gases was a key facilitator of this odour
degradation. Such changes in recognition may impact upon a honeybee’s
foraging efficiency and therefore the pollination services that they
provide.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 3:2779 DOI:10.1038/srep02779 - read article
(http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131003/srep02779/pdf/srep02779.pdf)
- o -
7) Positional error and time-activity patterns in near-highway
proximity studies: an exposure misclassification analysis
Kevin J Lane, Madeleine Kangsen Scammell, Jonathan I Levy, Christina H
Fuller, Ron Parambi, Wig Zamore, Mkaya Mwamburi, Doug Brugge
These findings indicate the potential for both differential and
non-differential exposure misclassification due to geocoding error and
time-activity patterns in studies of highway proximity. We also
propose a multi-stage manual correction process to minimize positional
error. Additional research is needed in other populations and
geographic settings.
Environmental Health 2013, 12:75 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-75 - read
article (http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-12-75.pdf)
- o -
8) Gene expression changes in rat brain after short and long exposures
to particulate matter in Los Angeles basin air: Comparison with human
brain tumors
Julia Y. Ljubimova, Michael T. Kleinman, Natalya M. Karabalin, Satoshi
Inoue, Bindu Konda, Pallavi Gangalum, Janet L. Markman, Alexander V.
Ljubimov, Keith L. Black
Air pollution negatively impacts pulmonary, cardiovascular, and
central nervous systems. Although its influence on brain cancer is
unclear, toxic pollutants can cause blood–brain barrier disruption,
enabling them to reach the brain and cause alterations leading to
tumor development.
Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology Available online 18 May 2013 -
read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940299313000547)
- o -
9) Diesel Exhaust Induces Systemic Lipid Peroxidation and Development
of Dysfunctional Pro-Oxidant and Pro-Inflammatory High-Density
Lipoprotein
Fen Yin, Akeem Lawal, Jerry Ricks, Julie R. Fox, Tim Larson, Mohamad
Navab, Alan M. Fogelman, Michael E. Rosenfeld, Jesus A. Araujo
Diesel Exhaust emissions induced systemic pro-oxidant effects that led
to the development of dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein. This may
be one of the mechanisms by which air pollution contributes to
enhanced atherosclerosis.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2013; 33: 1153-1161
- read abstract
(http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/33/6/1153.abstract?sid=a9c75d59-410c-495c-a9a8-e4d6344854e3)
- o -
10) Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts:
prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air
Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Zorana J Andersen, Rob Beelen, Evangelia Samoli,
Massimo Stafoggia, Gudrun Weinmayr, Barbara Hoffmann, Paul Fischer,
Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Bert Brunekreef, Wei W Xun, Klea Katsouyanni,
Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Johan Sommar, Bertil Forsberg, Lars Modig,
Anna Oudin, Bente Oftedal, Per E Schwarze, Per Nafstad, Ulf De Faire,
Nancy L Pedersen, Claes-Göran Östenson, Laura Fratiglioni, Johanna
Penell, Michal Korek, Göran Pershagen, Kirsten T Eriksen, Mette
Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Thomas Ellermann, Marloes Eeftens, Petra H
Peeters, Kees Meliefste, Meng Wang, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Timothy J
Key, Kees de Hoogh, Hans Concin, Gabriele Nagel, Alice Vilier, Sara
Grioni, Vittorio Krogh, Ming-Yi Tsai, Fulvio Ricceri, Carlotta
Sacerdote, Claudia Galassi, Enrica Migliore, Andrea Ranzi, Giulia
Cesaroni, Chiara Badaloni, Francesco Forastiere, Ibon Tamayo, Pilar
Amiano, Miren Dorronsoro, Antonia Trichopoulou, Christina Bamia, Paolo
Vineis, Gerard Hoek
Particulate matter air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence
in Europe.
The Lancet Oncology, 14:9 813 - 822, August 2013 - read abstract
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(13)70279-1/fulltext)
- o -
11) DNA Hypomethylation, Ambient Particulate Matter, and Increased
Blood Pressure: Findings From Controlled Human Exposure Experiments
Andrea Bellavia, Bruce Urch, Mary Speck, Robert D. Brook, Jeremy A.
Scott, Benedetta Albetti, Behrooz Behbod, Michelle North, Linda
Valeri, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Frances Silverman, Diane Gold, Andrea
A. Baccarelli
Our findings provide novel evidence of effects of coarse PM on blood
pressure and confirm effects of fine PM. Our results provide the first
experimental evidence of PM-induced DNA hypomethylation and its
correlation to blood pressure.
Journal of the American Heart Association 2013 19:2(3)
DOI:10.1161/JAHA.113.000212 - read article
(http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/2/3/e000212.full.pdf+html)
- o -
12) Venous Thromboembolism in an Industrial North American City:
Temporal Distribution and Association with Particulate Matter Air
Pollution
Holly H. Chiu, Peter Whittaker
The summer peak of acute VTE in Detroit indicates that low temperature
is not a major factor in VTE pathogenesis. In contrast, concordance of
the 10 mm diameter PM, coarse particle, and the Detroit VTE monthly
distributions, combined with no monthly suburban VTE variation, is
consistent with a role for PM pollution. Furthermore, divergence of
the VTE and 2.5 mm PM distributions suggests that particle size may
play a role.
PLOS ONE July 2013 8:7 e68829-68829 - read article
(http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0068829&representation=PDF)
- o -
13) Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air
pollution and the contribution of past climate change
Raquel A Silva, J Jason West, Yuqiang Zhang, Susan C Anenberg,
Jean-François Lamarque, Drew T Shindell, William J Collins, Stig
Dalsoren, Greg Faluvegi, Gerd Folberth
Increased concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
since preindustrial times reflect increased emissions, but also
contributions of past climate change. Using simulated concentrations
for 2000 and 1850 and concentration–response functions (CRFs), we
estimate that, at present, 470 000 (95% confidence interval, 140 000
to 900 000) premature respiratory deaths are associated globally and
annually with anthropogenic ozone, and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) million deaths
with anthropogenic PM2.5-related cardiopulmonary diseases (93%) and
lung cancer (7%).
Environmental Research Letters doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005 - read
article
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/8/3/034005/article?fromSearchPage=true)
- o -
14) Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air
pollution-related premature mortality
Yuanyuan Fang, Denise L. Mauzerall, Junfeng Liu, Arlene M. Fiore,
Larry W. Horowitz
Climate change modulates surface concentrations of fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), indirectly affecting premature
mortality attributed to air pollution. Resulting changes in 21st
century climate alone lead to an increase in simulated PM2.5
concentrations globally, and to higher (lower) O3 concentrations over
populated (remote) regions. Global annual premature mortality
associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 increases by approximately
100 thousand deaths (95 % confidence interval, CI, of 66–130 thousand)
with corresponding YLL increasing by nearly 900 thousand (95 % CI,
576–1,128 thousand) years. The annual premature mortality due to
respiratory disease associated with chronic O3 exposure increases by
+6,300 deaths (95 % CI, 1,600–10,400).
Climatic Change August 2013, - read article
(http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/582/art%253A10.1007%252Fs10584-013-0847-8.pdf?auth66=1380978626_5004e62846f81a2e763db21bc144e8d3&ext=.pdf)
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15) Particulate Air Pollution, Ambulatory Heart Rate Variability, and
Cardiac Arrhythmia in Retirement Community Residents with Coronary
Artery Disease
Scott M. Bartell, John Longhurst, Thomas Tjoa, Constantinos Sioutas,
Ralph J. Delfino
Although these data support the hypothesis that particulate exposures
may increase the risk of ventricular tachycardia for elderly people
with coronary artery disease, HRV was not associated with exposure in
most of our participants. These results are consistent with previous
findings in this cohort for systemic inflammation, blood pressure, and
ST segment depression.
Environmental Health Perspectives 121:10 October 2013 1135-1141 - read
article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/10/ehp.1205914.pdf)
- o -
16) Climate policies can help resolve energy security and air
pollution challenges
David L. McCollum, Volker Krey, Keywan Riahi, Peter Kolp, Arnulf
Grubler, Marek Makowski, Nebojsa Nakicenovic
Novel aspects of this paper include an explicit quantification of the
health-related co-benefits of present and future air pollution control
policies; an analysis of how future constraints on regional trade
could influence energy security; a detailed assessment of energy
expenditures showing where financing needs to flow in order to achieve
the multiple energy sustainability objectives; and a quantification of
the relationships between different fulfillment levels for energy
security and air pollution goals and the probability of reaching the 2
°C climate target.
Climatic Change July 2013, 119:2, 479-494 - read abstract
(http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0710-y)
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17) Scientists link lung condition deaths to traffic pollution
Study presented in Barcelona this week established link between poor
air quality and bronchiectasis-related fatalities. Road traffic
pollution is associated with a higher risk of death for people living
with bronchiectasis, a study has found. Presenting their findings to
the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Annual Congress in Barcelona
(September 8, 2013), researchers concluded that living near a busy
road was more likely to exacerbate the disease -
read more
(http://www.airqualitynews.com/2013/09/12/scientists-link-lung-condition-deaths-to-traffic-pollution/)
-------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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