[cleanairuk_news] Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update July 2013 ( East End Quality of Life Initiative - Sheffield)
Network for Clean Air
contact at cleanairuk.org
Thu Jul 25 13:06:30 BST 2013
*Health Effects of Air Quality and Noise - update July 2013*
By Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality of Life Initiative
*CONTENTS*
1) Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
2) Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts:
prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air
Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
3) Associations between Traffic-Related Black Carbon Exposure and
Attention in a Prospective Birth Cohort of Urban Children
4) Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure in the First Year of Life
and Behavioral Scores at 7 Years of Age
5) Airborne PM2.5 Chemical Components and Low Birth Weight in the
Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States
6) Air Pollution Exposure and Markers of Placental Growth and
Function: The Generation R Study
7) In Vitro Investigations of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium
Mobility in Urban Airborne Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1)
Using Simulated Lung Fluids
8) Near-Roadway Pollution and Childhood Asthma: Implications for
Developing ?Win?Win? Compact Urban Development and Clean Vehicle
Strategies
9) Association of ozone and particulate air pollution with
out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Helsinki, Finland: Evidence for two
different etiologies
10) Coarse Particles and Respiratory Emergency Department Visits in California
11) Air quality impacts of a scheduled 36-h closure of a major highway
12) Life satisfaction and air quality in Europe
13) Public Health Impacts of Combustion Emissions in the United Kingdom
14) Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution ? REVIHAAP
Project, Technical Report
15) Europe must tackle air pollution, warn UN scientists
16) Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate
Matter Components in the United States
17) Source contributions to PM2.5 and PM10 at an urban background and
a street location
18) The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air
quality in low-cost, high-density networks
19) Transport infrastructure: making more sustainable decisions for
noise reduction
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1) Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic
review and meta-analysis
Anoop SV Shah, Jeremy P Langrish, Harish Nair, David A McAllister,
Amanda L Hunter, Ken Donaldson, David E Newby, Nicholas L Mills
Air pollution has a close temporal association with heart failure
hospitalisation and heart failure mortality. Although more studies
from developing nations are required, air pollution is a pervasive
public health issue with major cardiovascular and health economic
consequences, and it should remain a key target for global health
policy.
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 10 July 2013,
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60898-3 - read abstract
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60898-3/abstract)
-o-
2) Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts:
prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air
Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Zorana J Andersen, Rob Beelen, Evangelia Samoli,
Massimo Stafoggia, Gudrun Weinmayr, Barbara Hoffmann, Paul Fischer,
Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Bert Brunekreef, Wei W Xun, Klea Katsouyanni,
Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Johan Sommar, Bertil Forsberg, Lars Modig,
Anna Oudin, Bente Oftedal, Per E Schwarze, Per Nafstad, Ulf De Faire,
Nancy L Pedersen, Claes-Göran Östenson, Laura Fratiglioni, Johanna
Penell, Michal Korek, Göran Pershagen, Kirsten T Eriksen, Mette
Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Thomas Ellermann, Marloes Eeftens, Petra H
Peeters, Kees Meliefste, Meng Wang, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Timothy J
Key, Kees de Hoogh, Hans Concin, Gabriele Nagel, Alice Vilier, Sara
Grioni, Vittorio Krogh, Ming-Yi Tsai, Fulvio Ricceri, Carlotta
Sacerdote, Claudia Galassi, Enrica Migliore, Andrea Ranzi, Giulia
Cesaroni, Chiara Badaloni, Francesco Forastiere, Ibon Tamayo, Pilar
Amiano, Miren Dorronsoro, Antonia Trichopoulou, Christina Bamia, Paolo
Vineis, Gerard Hoek
The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association
between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI
1·03?1·45] per 10 ?g/m3). For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96?1·46) per 5
?g/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs
for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10?2·08) and 1·55
(1·05?2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000
vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with
an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99?1·21). The results showed no
association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR
1·01 [0·95?1·07] per 20 ?g/m3) or traffic intensity on the nearest
street (HR 1·00 [0·97?1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day).
The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 10 July 2013,
doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1 - read abstract
(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(13)70279-1/abstract)
-o-
3) Associations between Traffic-Related Black Carbon Exposure and
Attention in a Prospective Birth Cohort of Urban Children
Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, David C. Bellinger, Brent A. Coull, Shawn
Anderson, Rachel Barber, Robert O. Wright, Rosalind J. Wright
In this population of urban children, we found associations between
Black Carbon exposure and higher commission errors and slower reaction
time. These associations were overall more apparent in boys than girls.
Environ Health Perspect; 121,7 (July 2013) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205940/)
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4) Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposure in the First Year of Life
and Behavioral Scores at 7 Years of Age
Nicholas C. Newman, Patrick Ryan, Grace LeMasters, Linda Levin, David
Bernstein, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, James E. Lockey, Manuel
Villareal, Tiina Reponen, Sergey Grinshpun, Heidi Sucharew, Kim N.
Dietrich
Elemental carbon attributed to traffic exposure during infancy was
associated with higher Hyperactivity scores in children; this
association was limited to children whose mothers had more than a high
school education.
Environ Health Perspect 117:898?903 (June 2013) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1205555/)
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5) Airborne PM2.5 Chemical Components and Low Birth Weight in the
Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States
Keita Ebisu and Michelle L. Bell
Most exposure levels in our study area were in compliance with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency air pollution standards; however, we
identified associations between PM2.5 components and low birth weight.
Findings suggest that some PM2.5 components may be more harmful than
others, and that some groups may be particularly susceptible.
Environ Health Perspect 120:1746?1752 (2012) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1104763/)
-o-
6) Air Pollution Exposure and Markers of Placental Growth and
Function: The Generation R Study
Edith H. van den Hooven, Frank H. Pierik, Yvonne de Kluizenaar, Albert
Hofman, Sjoerd W. van Ratingen, Peter Y.J. Zandveld, Henk Russcher,
Jan Lindemans, Henk M.E. Miedema, Eric A.P. Steegers, and Vincent W.V.
Jaddoe
Our results suggest that maternal air pollution exposure may influence
markers of placental growth and function. Future studies are needed to
confirm these findings and explore the maternal and fetal consequences.
Environ Health Perspect 120:1753?1759 (2012) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1204918/)
-o-
7) In Vitro Investigations of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium
Mobility in Urban Airborne Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1)
Using Simulated Lung Fluids
Fathi Zereini, Clare L. S. Wiseman, Wilhelm Püttmann
Environmental concentrations of platinum group elements (PGE) have
been increasing since the introduction of automotive catalytic
converters to control harmful emissions. Assessments of the human
health risks of exposures to these elements, especially through the
inhalation of PGE-associated airborne particulate matter (PM), have
been hampered by a lack of data on their bioaccessibility. The purpose
of this study is to apply in vitro methods using simulated human lung
fluids [artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble?s solution] to
assess the mobility of the PGE, platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and
rhodium (Rh) in airborne PM of human health concern. The results
suggest that PGE emitted from automotive catalytic converters are
likely to undergo chemical transformations during and/or after being
emitted in the environment. This study highlights the need to conduct
bioaccessibility experiments using samples collected in the field to
enable an adequate assessment of risk.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (18), 10326?10333 - read abstract
(http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es3020887)
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8) Near-Roadway Pollution and Childhood Asthma: Implications for
Developing ?Win?Win? Compact Urban Development and Clean Vehicle
Strategies
Laura Perez, Fred Lurmann, John Wilson, Manuel Pastor, Sylvia J.
Brandt, Nino Künzli, Rob McConnell
Our findings suggest that there are large and previously unappreciated
public health consequences of air pollution in Los Angeles County and
probably in other metropolitan areas with dense traffic corridors. To
maximize health benefits, compact urban development strategies should
be coupled with policies to reduce near-roadway pollution exposure.?
Environ Health Perspect 120:1619?1626 (2012) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1104785/)
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9) Association of ozone and particulate air pollution with
out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Helsinki, Finland: Evidence for two
different etiologies
Frank S Rosenthal, Markku Kuisma, Timo Lanki, Tareq Hussein, James
Boyd, Jaana I Halonen, Juha Pekkanen
The results suggest that air pollution triggers out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest via two distinct modes: one associated with
particulates leading to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and one
associated with O3 involving etiologies other than AMI, for example,
arrhythmias or respiratory insufficiency.
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 23, 281-288
(May/June 2013) - read abstract
(http://www.nature.com/jes/journal/v23/n3/full/jes2012121a.html)
-o-
10) Coarse Particles and Respiratory Emergency Department Visits in California
Brian J. Malig, Shelley Green, Rupa Basu, Rachel Broadwin
Significant associations between respiratory emergency department
visits and coarse particle levels were observed. Asthma visits showed
associations (for 2-day lag, excess risk per 10 ?g/m3 = 3.3%, 95%
confidence interval: 2.0, 4.6) that were robust to adjustment by other
common air pollutants (particles <2.5 ?m in diameter, ozone, nitrogen
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide). Pneumonia and acute
respiratory infection visits were not associated, although some
suggestion of a relationship withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease
visits was present. Our results indicate that coarse particle exposure
may trigger asthma exacerbations requiring emergency care, and
reducing exposures among asthmatic persons may provide benefits.
American Journal of Epidemiology 178,1 58-69 (2013) - read abstract
(http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/178/1/58.abstract.html?etoc)
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11) Air quality impacts of a scheduled 36-h closure of a major highway
David C. Quiros, Qunfang Zhang, Wonsik Choi, Meilu He, Suzanne E.
Paulson, Arthur M. Winer, Rui Wang, Yifang Zhu
Air pollutants were examined around the time of a major planned
freeway closure. On the closure day, particle number concentration
(PNC) downwind of the freeway was reduced by 83%. On the closure day,
PM2.5 decreased by 18?36% across the South Coast Air Basin. Weekday
downwind PNC decreased by 60% between 2001 and 2011.
Atmospheric Environment 67 (March 2013) 404?414 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012009843)
-o-
12) Life satisfaction and air quality in Europe
Susana Ferreira, Alpaslan Akay, Finbarr Brereton, Juncal Cuñado, Peter
Martinsson, Mirko Moro, Tine F. Ningal
Concerns for environmental quality and its impact on people's welfare
are fundamental arguments for the adoption of environmental
legislation in most countries. In this paper, we analyze the
relationship between air quality and subjective well-being in Europe.
We use a unique dataset that merges three waves of the European Social
Survey with a new dataset on environmental quality including SO2
concentrations and climate in Europe at the regional level. We find a
robust negative impact of SO2 concentrations on self-reported life
satisfaction.
Ecological Economics 88, 1?10, (April 2013) - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800913000050)
-o-
13) Public Health Impacts of Combustion Emissions in the United Kingdom
Steve H. L. Yim and Steven R. H. Barrett
We find that UK combustion emissions cause 13,000 premature deaths in
the UK per year, while an additional 6000 deaths in the UK are caused
by non-UK European Union (EU) combustion emissions. The leading
domestic contributor is transport, which causes 7500 early deaths per
year, while power generation and industrial emissions result in 2500
and 830 early deaths per year, respectively.The total monetized life
loss in the UK is estimated at £6?62bn/year or 0.4?3.5% of gross
domestic product. In Greater London, where PM concentrations are
highest and are currently in exceedance of EU standards, we estimate
that non-UK EU emissions account for 30% of the 3200 air
quality-related deaths per year. In the context of the European
Commission having launched infringement proceedings against the UK
Government over exceedances of EU PM air quality standards in London,
these results indicate that further policy measures should be
coordinated at an EU-level because of the strength of the
transboundary component of PM pollution.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (8), pp 4291?4296 - read abstract
(http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2040416)
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14) Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution ? REVIHAAP
Project, Technical Report
This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing
European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of
these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of
scientists engaged in the WHO project ?Review of evidence on health
aspects of air pollution ? REVIHAAP?. The experts reviewed and
discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse
effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers
to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including
the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a
considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse
effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide,
observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in
recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of
the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates
that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations
lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also
provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve
air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air
pollution in Europe.
World Health Organization 2013, 302pp - read full report
(http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/193108/REVIHAAP-Final-technical-report.pdf) (it takes some time to
download)
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15) Europe must tackle air pollution, warn UN scientists
John Vidal
The health effects of air pollution have been underestimated and
Europe should review its laws to tackle the problem, UN scientists
have concluded after the World Health Organization review of new
evidence. "Air pollution causes 29,000 early deaths a year in the UK ?
more than obesity and alcohol combined. This shows the UK is not just
on the wrong side of the law, but also on the wrong side of the
science. All the evidence tells us we need much stricter legal
standards, yet the UK is fighting tooth and nail in the courts to
avoid them and lobbying the EU to weaken them," said Alan Andrews of
campaign group Client Earth.
The Guardian 4 July 2013 - read article
(http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/jul/04/europe-tackle-air-pollution-un?INTCMP=SRCH)
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16) Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate
Matter Components in the United States
Michelle L. Bell and Keita Ebisu
Exposures to PM2.5 components differed by race/ethnicity, age, and SES
(socioeconomic status). If some components are more toxic than others,
certain populations are likely to suffer higher health burdens.
Demographics differed between populations covered and not covered by
monitors.
Environ Health Perspect 120:1699?1704 (2012) - read article
(http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ehp.1205201.pdf)
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17) Source contributions to PM2.5 and PM10 at an urban background and
a street location
M.P. Keuken, M. Moerman, M. Voogt, M. Blom, E.P. Weijers, T. Röckmann,
U. Dusek
Urban PM emissions contribute less than 15% to the urban background.
Factor 2?3 higher EC, heavy metals and re-suspension concentrations in
street canyons. 14C analysis indicates increasing contribution of
biomass and biofuel to EC. It is concluded that in particular the
urban population living in street canyons with intense road traffic
has potential health risks.
Atmospheric Environment 71 (June 2013) 26?35 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013000575)
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18) The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air
quality in low-cost, high-density networks
M.I. Mead, O.A.M. Popoola, G.B. Stewart, P. Landshoff, M. Calleja, M.
Hayes, J.J. Baldovi, M.W. McLeod, T.F. Hodgson, J. Dicks, A. Lewis, J.
Cohen, R. Baron, J.R. Saffell, R.L. Jones
Suitably configured electrochemical sensors can be used for air
quality studies. Evidence of performance of electrochemical sensors at
parts-per-billion levels. Sensors are sensitive, low noise, highly
linear and generally highly selective. Measurement density (space and
time) unachievable using current methods. Show low-cost air quality
sensor networks are now feasible for widespread use.
Atmospheric Environment 70, May 2013, 186?203 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012011284)
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19) Transport infrastructure: making more sustainable decisions for
noise reduction
Crina Oltean-Dumbrava, Greg Watts, Abdul Miah
Sustainability is not well supported in the transport noise reduction
device industry. No formalized sustainability assessment procedure
exists for this industry. A tailor made sustainability assessment tool
has been developed. Multi-criteria analysis tools are recommended
based on end user needs. A transparent, user friendly decision making
process is presented.
Journal of Cleaner Production March 2013, 42, 58?68 - read abstract
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652612005409)
-------------------------------------------------
Compiler and Editor: Barbara Rimmington, Researcher, East End Quality
of Life Initiative
10 Montgomery Terrace Road
Sheffield S6 3BU
Tel. 0114 285 9931
Fax 0114 278 7173
Email: barbara at sheffieldct.co.uk
Web: www.sheffieldeastend.org.uk
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